Multispecies comparison of host responses to <i>Fusarium circinatum</i> challenge in tropical pines show consistency in resistance mechanisms

Visser, Erik A.; Kampmann, Tamanique P; Wegrzyn, Jill; Naidoo, Sanushka

doi:10.1111/pce.14522

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker, a disease that affects over 60 Pinus species [8] and also Pseudotsuga menziesii [9]. This disease is considered the most significant issue for conifers worldwide [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Expression of Genes Elicited by Clonostachys rosea in Pinus radiata Induces Systemic Resistance

Moraga-Suazo,

Le-Feuvre,

Navarrete

et al. 2024

Forests

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Radiata pine is one of the most commonly planted tree species in Chile due to its fast growth and desirable wood and pulp properties. However, its productivity is hampered by several diseases. Pitch canker disease (PCC) caused by Fusarium circinatum, is considered the most damaging disease to the pine forest industry. Several control measures have been established, with biological control emerging as an environmentally friendly and effective way for F. circinatum control. Previous studies support the value of Clonostachys rosea in reducing PCC damage, with evidence suggesting a potential induced systemic resistance (ISR) triggered in radiata pines by this agent. Ten-month-old radiata pine plants were pre-treated with C. rosea on a substrate at 8 and 1 days before inoculation with F. circinatum on the stem tip, and expression levels were determined for DXS1, LOX, PAL, and PR3 genes 24 h later. Lesion length was 45% lower on plants pre-treated with C. rosea and infected with F. circinatum compared to non-pre-treated and infected plants. Additionally, LOX and PR3 were induced 23 and 62 times more, respectively, in comparison to untreated plants. Our results indicate that C. rosea causes an ISR response in pre-treated plants, significantly increasing the expression of resistance genes and reducing lesion length.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Expression of Genes Elicited by Clonostachys rosea in Pinus radiata Induces Systemic Resistance

Moraga-Suazo,

Le-Feuvre,

Navarrete

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…This fungus is the causal agent Pine Pitch Canker, which annually causes substantial economic losses wherever pine species are cultivated commercially (26). In production nurseries, it causes devastating root and root collar disease of seedlings, which often hampers the establishment of new plantations (27) (28)(29)(30). In established plantations or natural stands, the pathogen causes large resinous cankers on tree trunks and branches, leading to branch die-back, stunted growth and overall yield reductions (31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing exogenous membrane vesicles for studying Fusarium circinatum and its biofilm communities

Motaung,

Ratsoma,

Kunene

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny messengers that convey bioactive molecules from donor to recipient cells, leading to changes in their physiology and function. We investigated the role of EVs in shaping growth and the biofilm biology of the tree pathogen Fusarium circinatum and its interaction with the susceptible host, Pinus patula. Vesicles were collected from fungal planktonic and biofilm cultures and from pine seedling needles and roots. The physical properties of these vesicles were analysed using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy, which revealed a diverse range of sizes and shapes, respectively. Furthermore, uptake of vesicles by conidia demonstrated that F. circinatum EVs significantly but variably affected spore viability during the early phase (2-4 h) although they enhanced biomass and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in biofilms. In contrast, P. patulaEVs greatly inhibited hyphal formation and biofilm biomass, but failed to inhibit ECM biosynthesis in the fungal biofilm. Our results therefore suggest that conidial germination is essential for late fungal development including hyphal and biofilm formation while matrix production may be a counter measure against harsh environmental conditions including the effects of plant-derived EVs. Therefore, plant-microbe interactions viewed within the context of biofilm formation can improve understanding into the dynamic and complex behaviours of fungal pathogens and their interactions with plant hosts.

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A delayed response in phytohormone signaling and production contributes to pine susceptibility to Fusarium circinatum

Hernandez-Escribano,

Morales Clemente,

Fariña-Flores

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pine pitch canker disease, which affects Pinus species worldwide, causing significant economic and ecological losses. In Spain, two Pinus species are most affected by the pathogen; Pinus radiata is highly susceptible, while Pinus pinaster has shown moderate resistance. In F. circinatum-Pinus interactions, phytohormones are known to play a crucial role in plant defense. By comparing species with different degrees of susceptibility, we aimed to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms underlying resistance to the pathogen. For this purpose, we used an integrative approach by combining gene expression and metabolomic phytohormone analyses at 5 and 10 days post inoculation. Results Gene expression and metabolite phytohormone contents suggested that the moderate resistance of P. pinaster to F. circinatum is determined by the induction of phytohormone signaling and hormone rearrangement beginning at 5 dpi, when symptoms are still not visible. Jasmonic acid was the hormone that showed the greatest increase by 5 dpi, together with the active gibberellic acid 4 and the cytokinin dehydrozeatin; there was also an increase in abscisic acid and salicylic acid by 10 dpi. In contrast, P. radiata hormonal changes were delayed until 10 dpi, when symptoms were already visible; however, this increase was not as high as that in P. pinaster. Indeed, in P. radiata, no differences in jasmonic acid or salicylic acid production were found. Gene expression analysis supported the hormonal data, since the activation of genes related to phytohormone synthesis was observed earlier in P. pinaster than in the susceptible P. radiata. Conclusions We determine that the moderate resistance of P. pinaster to F. circinatum is in part a result of early and strong activation of plant phytohormone-based defense responses before symptoms become visible. We suggest that jasmonic acid signaling and production are strongly associated with F. circinatum resistance. In contrast, P. radiata susceptibility was attributed to a delayed response to the fungus at the moment when symptoms were visible. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the phytohormone-based defense mechanism involved in the Pinus-F. circinatum interactions and provide insight into the development of new strategies for disease mitigation.

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Multispecies comparison of host responses to Fusarium circinatum challenge in tropical pines show consistency in resistance mechanisms

Cited by 7 publications

References 109 publications

Relative Expression of Genes Elicited by Clonostachys rosea in Pinus radiata Induces Systemic Resistance

Relative Expression of Genes Elicited by Clonostachys rosea in Pinus radiata Induces Systemic Resistance

Harnessing exogenous membrane vesicles for studying Fusarium circinatum and its biofilm communities

A delayed response in phytohormone signaling and production contributes to pine susceptibility to Fusarium circinatum

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