Multispecies plasma expansion into vacuum: The role of secondary ions and suprathermal electrons

Elkamash, I. S.; Kourakis, Ioannis

doi:10.1103/physreve.94.053202

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Besides its original employment by Olbert (1968) and Vasyliunas (1968) to describe electrons in Earth's magnetosphere, the family of κ-distributions finds practical application also in many other areas of space physics, e.g., in the study of the interplanetary medium and planetary magnetospheres (Maksimovic et al 1997(Maksimovic et al , 2005Pierrard & Lazar 2010), the outer heliosphere (Zank et al 2010;Fahr et al , 2017Heerikhuisen et al 2019), especially for charge exchange processes (Heerikhuisen et al 2015) and to fit IBEX observations of neutral atoms (Desai et al 2012), the interstellar medium (Davelaar et al 2018) and the intergalactic medium (de Avillez et al 2018). Recently the κ-distributions found their way even into experimental physics (Webb et al 2012;Elkamash & Kourakis 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The κ-cookbook: a novel generalizing approach to unify κ-like distributions for plasma particle modelling

Scherer

Husidic

Lazar

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Abstract In the literature different so-called κ-distribution functions are discussed to fit and model the velocity (or energy) distributions of solar wind species, pickup ions or magnetospheric particles. Here we introduce a generalized (isotropic) κ-distribution as a ”cookbook”, which admits as special cases, or ”recipes”, all the other known versions of κ-models. A detailed analysis of the generalized distribution function is performed, providing general analytical expressions for the velocity moments, Debye length, and entropy, and pointing out a series of general requirements that plasma distribution functions should satisfy. From a contrasting analysis of the recipes found in the literature, we show that all of them lead to almost the same macroscopic parameters with a small standard deviation between them. However, one of these recipes called the regularized κ-distribution provides a functional alternative for macroscopic parameterization without any constraint for the power-law exponent κ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The κ-cookbook: a novel generalizing approach to unify κ-like distributions for plasma particle modelling

Scherer

Husidic

Lazar

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…The SKD has originally been introduced by Olbert 12 and Vasyliūnas 9 in 1968 to describe electron distributions in Earth's magnetosphere, and since then has been employed in the interplanetary environment, 2, 8,13 in the interstellar and intergalactic medium, 14,15 and even applied in experimental physics. 16,17 This power-law function shows enhanced high-energy tails, extending from a Maxwellian core, and turns (approximately) into the same Maxwellian for κ → ∞. A generalization of the SKD is the standard Bi-Kappa-distribution (SBKD) f SBKD (v) = n π 3/2 Θ Θ 2 ⊥ Γ(κ + 1) κ 3/2 Γ(κ − 1/2)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear dispersion theory of parallel electromagnetic modes for regularized Kappa-distributions

et al. 2020

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The velocity particle distributions measured in-situ in space plasmas deviate from Maxwellian (thermal) equilibrium, showing enhanced suprathermal tails which are well described by the standard Kappa-distribution (SKD). Despite its successful application, the SKD is frequently disputed due to a series of unphysical implications like diverging velocity moments, preventing a macroscopic description of the plasma. The regularized Kappa-distribution (RKD) has been introduced to overcome these limitations, but the dispersion properties of RKD-plasmas are not explored yet.In the present paper we compute the wavenumber dispersion of the frequency and damping or growth rates for the electromagnetic modes in plasmas characterized by the RKD. This task is accomplished by using the grid-based kinetic dispersion solver LEOPARD developed for arbitrary gyrotropic distributions [Ref. 1]. By reproducing previous results obtained for the SKD and Maxwellian, we validate the functionality of the code. Furthermore, we apply the isotropic as well as the anisotropic RKDs to investigate stable electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (EMEC) and ion-cyclotron (EMIC) modes as well as temperature-anisotropy-driven instabilities, both for the case T ⊥ /T > 1 (EMEC and EMIC instabilities) and for the case T ⊥ /T < 1 (proton and electron firehose instabilities), where and ⊥ denote directions parallel and perpendicular to the local time-averaged magnetic field. Provided that the cutoff parameter α is small enough, the results show that the RKDs reproduce the dispersion curves of the SKD plasmas at both qualitative and quantitative levels. For higher values, however, physically significant deviation occurs.

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“…In this paper, we study the effect of superthermal electron distribution "κ-distribution" on the ionospheric composition loss from Venus and Titan upper ionospheres using the plasma expansion approach [21][22][23]. The paper is arranged as follows: the hydrodynamic fluid equations and the theoretical model are presented in section 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Superthermal Electrons on the Escaping Ions From the Upper Atmosphere of Titan and Venus

Salem

Tolba

Moslem

et al. 2020

Alfarama Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences

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The observed escape of ions from the ionosphere of planets and moons is of interest during the last few years. Different mechanisms that can explain the escape of charged particles were assumed. One of the recent mechanisms to explain the ionospheric loss is the plasma expansion approach. In the present work, we investigate the ionic loss from the moon Titan and planet Venus, where their ionospheres suffer from a continues loss reaches to several tons of ions per day. For this purpose, we use a suitable set of hydrodynamic fluid equations to describe the plasma system in either Titan or Venus. Interestingly, it is observed that superthermal electrons are exist in both cases (i.e. Titan and Venus ionosphere). The selfsimilar transformation is used to reduce the basic equations to ordinary differential equations which can be solved numerically to obtain the profiles of the plasma ion density, velocity, and potential during the expansion interval. Furthermore, it is of interest to examine the role of the superthermal electrons on the expansion profile properties.

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Multispecies plasma expansion into vacuum: The role of secondary ions and suprathermal electrons

Cited by 24 publications

References 62 publications

The κ-cookbook: a novel generalizing approach to unify κ-like distributions for plasma particle modelling

The κ-cookbook: a novel generalizing approach to unify κ-like distributions for plasma particle modelling

Linear dispersion theory of parallel electromagnetic modes for regularized Kappa-distributions

The Role of Superthermal Electrons on the Escaping Ions From the Upper Atmosphere of Titan and Venus

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