Multispectral optical metasurfaces enabled by achromatic phase transition

Zhao, Zeyu; Pu, Mingbo; Gao, Hui; Jin, Jinjin; Li, Xiong; Ma, Xiaoliang; Wang, Yanqin; Gao, Ping; Luo, Xiangang

doi:10.1038/srep15781

Cited by 111 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These are ultra-thin films, usually a few tens of nanometres thick, composed of dense subwavelength arrays of metallic45 or high-index dielectric236 resonant scatterers (nanoparticles or nanocavities) that are specifically designed for phase and amplitude control of light. Thus various metasurface lenses6789101112, beam shapers13141516, optical switches1718 and even holograms10192021222324252627 were demonstrated. Furthermore, nonlinear beam generation and beam shaping were studied282930313233343536, including nonlinear focusing313235 and holography343637…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics

Avayu¹,

Almeida²,

Prior³

et al. 2017

Nat Commun

332

237

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Nanostructured metasurfaces offer unique capabilities for subwavelength control of optical waves. Based on this potential, a large number of metasurfaces have been proposed recently as alternatives to standard optical elements. In most cases, however, these elements suffer from large chromatic aberrations, thus limiting their usefulness for multiwavelength or broadband applications. Here, in order to alleviate the chromatic aberrations of individual diffractive elements, we introduce dense vertical stacking of independent metasurfaces, where each layer is made from a different material, and is optimally designed for a different spectral band. Using this approach, we demonstrate a triply red, green and blue achromatic metalens in the visible range. We further demonstrate functional beam shaping by a self-aligned integrated element for stimulated emission depletion microscopy and a lens that provides anomalous dispersive focusing. These demonstrations lead the way to the realization of ultra-thin superachromatic optical elements showing multiple functionalities—all in a single nanostructured ultra-thin element.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics

Avayu¹,

Almeida²,

Prior³

et al. 2017

Nat Commun

332

237

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“…However, the demonstrated cylindrical lens, which has a few Fresnel zones and a NA of 0.04, still exhibits multiple focal points. Multiwavelength lenses based on plasmonic metasurfaces were demonstrated in [28,29]. These devices, in addition to the low efficiency of plasmonic metasurfaces [30], have multiple focuses and are polarization dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiwavelength polarization-insensitive lenses based on dielectric metasurfaces with meta-molecules

Arbabi¹,

Arbabi²,

Kamali³

et al. 2016

Optica

414

308

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Metasurfaces are nanostructured devices composed of arrays of subwavelength scatterers (or meta-atoms) that manipulate the wavefront, polarization, or intensity of light. Like most other diffractive optical devices, metasurfaces are designed to operate optimally at one wavelength. Here, we present a method for designing multiwavelength metasurfaces using unit cells with multiple meta-atoms, or meta-molecules. A transmissive lens that has the same focal distance at 1550 and 915 nm is demonstrated. The lens has a NA of 0.46 and measured focusing efficiencies of 65% and 22% at 1550 and 915 nm, respectively. With proper scaling, these devices can be used in applications where operation at distinct known wavelengths is required, like various fluorescence microscopy techniques.

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“…Figure 3 shows selected examples of planar metalenses. [44,[100][101][102][103][104] Figure 3a presents a metalens that is free of spherical aberration at telecom wavelengths. [44,[100][101][102][103][104] Figure 3a presents a metalens that is free of spherical aberration at telecom wavelengths.…”

Section: Metalensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative method to realize metalenses is to use the P-B phase. [44,104] However, the focusing efficiency of these plasmonic metalenses is relatively low at visible and NIR wavelengths for transmission operation as a result of Ohmic losses and a small scattering efficiency. Due to the nature of the P-B phase, by controlling the helicity of the input light, the positive and negative polarities are interchangeable in a single metalens.…”

Section: Metalensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

127

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elements. Thus, realizing phase manipulation of EM waves at the nanoscale has become a key pursuit for the development of modern optics and nanophotonics.Metamaterials are 3D artificial nanostructures composed of periodic subwavelength unit cells that resonantly couple to the incident EM waves, exhibiting effective electric and magnetic responses not found in nature. [1][2][3] However, these promising potential applications are hindered in their applications due to the challenges of fabricating the required complex 3D nanostructures and the inherent metallic losses and strong dispersion of plasmonic elements at optical frequencies. Planar metamaterials, or so-called metasurfaces, can be fabricated using existing technologies, such as the lithography method and have attracted increasing attention due to their feasibility, low loss, and ease of fabrication. [4,5] The most prominent advantage of metasurfaces is that they can generate spatial phase discontinuities over the full 2π range with an optically thin interface; moreover, the resolution is less than one wavelength. Thus, wavefronts can be shaped with a distance of much less than the wavelength. With the increasing development of metasurfaces, the aforementioned limitations can be solved using various ultrathin optical devices, which have properties superior to their conventional counterparts. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Here, we concentrate on the new capabilities of metasurfaces in recent years in manipulating the phase and propagation behaviors of EM waves. In Section 2, we briefly introduce the underlying mechanisms of three types of phase discontinuities. In Section 3, we review the basic applications of phase modulation using metasurfaces. In Section 4, we review more complex and advanced information photonics that have emerged from metasurfaces. In the last section, we provide concluding remarks and an outlook on future development directions. Three Basic Types of Phase Discontinuities Generated by Metasurfaces Resonance PhaseThe pioneering approach to achieve phase discontinuities was to use the dispersion of various metallic nanoantennas, as shown in the left panel of Figure 1a. The optical energy is coupled to surface EM waves propagating back and forth along the antenna surface. Due to the localized surface plasmon resonance, these waves are accompanied by oscillating free electrons Relative to conventional phase-modulation optical elements, metasurfaces (i.e., 2D versions of metamaterials) have shown novel optical phenomena and promising functionalities with more compact platforms and more straightforward fabrication processes. With the ability to generate a spatial phase variation, optical wavefronts can be manipulated into arbitrary shapes at will, enabling new phenomena and integrated ultrathin optical devices to be explored. This review is focused on recent developments regarding phase manipulation of electromagnetic waves with metasurfaces. Starting from their underlying physics for realizing full 2π phase manipulation, an overview of the applica...

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Multispectral optical metasurfaces enabled by achromatic phase transition

Cited by 111 publications

References 37 publications

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics

Multiwavelength polarization-insensitive lenses based on dielectric metasurfaces with meta-molecules

Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics

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