Multisplit Nitrogen Application via Drip Irrigation Improves Maize Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Zhou, Baoyuan; Sun, Xuefang; Ding, Zhuang; Ma, Wenqi; Zhao, Ming

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.07.0623

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Leaf expansion increased the storage capacity of N in leaves and promoted carbon supply to the stalk, resulting in high maize production [34]. Our research showed that the variation in dry matter under different N rates was a result of differences in plant height, which had significant linear relationships with dry matter [35]. On the other hand, N2 and N3 increased LAI and chlorophyll contents, which led to greater accumulation of photosynthate, and eventually, promoting an increase in dry matter [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Yue

Xie

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for maize, and appropriate N fertilization can promote maize growth and yield. The effect of N fertilizer rates and timings on morphology, antioxidant enzymes, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in the Loess Plateau of China was evaluated. The four N levels, i.e., 0 (N0), 100 (N1), 200 (N2), and 300 (N3) kg ha−1, were applied at two timings (T1, one-third N at sowing and two-thirds at the six-leaf stage of maize; T2, one-third applied at sowing, six-leaf stage, and eleven-leaf stage of maize). The results show that N2 and N3 significantly increased the plant height, stem and leaf dry weight, and leaf area index of maize compared with a non-N-fertilized control (N0). The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and leaf chlorophyll contents were lower, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was higher for non-fertilized plants compared to fertilized plants. The activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with N rate, but the difference between 200 and 300 kg ha−1 was not significant; further, the isozyme bands of POD and SOD also changed with their activities. Compared with a non-N-fertilized control, N2 and N3 significantly increased grain yield by 2.76- and 3.11-fold in 2018, 2.74- and 2.80-fold in 2019, and 2.71- and 2.89-fold in 2020, and there was no significant difference between N2 and N3. N application timing only affected yield in 2018. In conclusion, 200 kg N ha−1 application increased yield through optimizing the antioxidant enzyme system, increasing photosynthetic capacity, and promoting dry matter accumulation. Further research is necessary to evaluate the response of more cultivars under more seasons to validate the results obtained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Yue

Xie

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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“…Recommendations for the appropriate timings of N application to improve crop NUE has dated back to the previous century (Matson et al, 1998 ). Compared with applying all N fertilizer prior to sowing, splitting and delaying N application may improve both maize NUE and grain yield (Zhou et al, 2017 ). Qwing to the reduced N uptake with the ethephon treatment, there may be plenty of N left in the soil, which may increase the leakage and waste of N fertilizer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethephon Reduces Maize Nitrogen Uptake but Improves Nitrogen Utilization in Zea mays L.

et al. 2022

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Increasing use of plant density or/and nitrogen (N) application has been introduced to maize production in the past few decades. However, excessive planting density or/and use of fertilizer may cause reduced N use efficiency (NUE) and increased lodging risks. Ethephon application improves maize lodging resistance and has been an essential measure in maize intensive production systems associated with high plant density and N input in China. Limited information is available about the effect of ethephon on maize N use and the response to plant density under different N rates in the field. A three-year field study was conducted with two ethephon applications (0 and 90 g ha−1), four N application rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1), and two plant densities (6.75 plants m−2 and 7.5 plants m−2) to evaluate the effects of ethephon on maize NUE indices (N agronomic efficiency, NAE; N recovery efficiency, NRE; N uptake efficiency, NUpE; N utilization efficiency, NUtE; partial factor productivity of N, PFPN), biomass, N concentration, grain yield and N uptake, and translocation properties. The results suggest that the application of ethephon decreased the grain yield by 1.83–5.74% due to the decrease of grain numbers and grain weight during the three experimental seasons. Meanwhile, lower biomass, NO3- and NH4+ fluxes in xylem bleeding sap, and total N uptake were observed under ethephon treatments. These resulted in lower NAE and NUpE under the ethephon treatment at a corresponding N application rate and plant density. The ethephon treatment had no significant effects on the N concentration in grains, and it decreased the N concentration in stover at the harvesting stage, while increasing the plant N concentration at the silking stage. Consequently, post-silking N remobilization was significantly increased by 14.10–32.64% under the ethephon treatment during the experimental periods. Meanwhile, NUtE significantly increased by ethephon.

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“…Replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can effectively avoid soil acidi cation and improve soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities (Okami et al, 2016). Fertilization by stages can signi cantly improve the fertilizer utilization rate and increase crop yield (Zhou et al, 2017). The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can not only increase wheat yield but also improve soil physical and chemical properties and signi cantly enhance nitrogen fertilizer use e ciency (Xia et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fertilization methods in wheat on gases emission and environmental benefit in Mollisols of Northeast China

Liu

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Aims Many previous studies have focused on crop yields, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the environmental benefits of phased fertilization and organic substitution. To study the effects of phased fertilization and organic substitution on soil gas emissions and spring wheat yields, a field experiment was conducted using Mollisols. Methods Five treatments were set up: conventional nitrogen application (CF); no nitrogen application (N0); one-time (N1), two-stage (N2) and three-stage (N3) application of chemical nitrogen based on 25% of chemical nitrogen being replaced by organic fertilizer. The changes in NH3 volatilization, N2O and CO2 emissions, soil-related carbon and nitrogen invertase activities and soil carbon and nitrogen contents under different treatments were analyzed and compared. Result The results showed that N1 had the best emission reduction and yield increase effects. Compared with CF, N1 reduced NH3 volatilization, N2O and CO2 emissions accumulation by 28.94%, 10.29% and 17.21%, respectively, and increased spring wheat yield by 21.33%. Compared with N2 and N3, N1 could better reduce soil urease, nitrate reductase, catalase and β-glucosidase activities, reduce the conversion rate of urea and organic carbon, increase the content of NH4+-N in soil, and reduce the NH3 volatilization rate and N2O and CO2 emissions rates. Conclusions Comprehensive analysis showed that the N1 treatment had the best effect on reducing the soil gas emission rate, emission reduction rate and environmental cost as well as on increasing yield.

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Multisplit Nitrogen Application via Drip Irrigation Improves Maize Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Cited by 40 publications

References 69 publications

Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Nitrogen Supply Affects Grain Yield by Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Photosynthetic Capacity of Maize Plant in the Loess Plateau

Ethephon Reduces Maize Nitrogen Uptake but Improves Nitrogen Utilization in Zea mays L.

Effects of fertilization methods in wheat on gases emission and environmental benefit in Mollisols of Northeast China

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