Multistable Architected Materials for Trapping Elastic Strain Energy

Shan, Sicong; Kang, Sung Hoon; Raney, Jordan R.; Wang, Pai; Fang, Lichen; Candido, Francisco; Lewis, Jennifer A.; Bertoldi, Katia

doi:10.1002/adma.201501708

Cited by 738 publications

(466 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Examples range from the macroscale-where 3D-printed stacks of bistable beams absorb impact energy [237,238]-down to the nanoscale-where carbon nanotube buckling was explored to serve the same purpose [239]. In a similar spirit, multistable magnetoelastic structures (where multistability arises from the combination of magnetic and elastic interactions) were shown to efficiently absorb impact energy [240].…”

Section: Multistability and Nonlinear Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Microstructural Instabilities in Solids and Structures: From Metamaterials to Structural Transitions

Kochmann

Bertoldi

2017

Applied Mechanics Reviews

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196

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Instabilities in solids and structures are ubiquitous across all length and time scales, and engineering design principles have commonly aimed at preventing instability. However, over the past two decades, engineering mechanics has undergone a paradigm shift, away from avoiding instability and toward taking advantage thereof. At the core of all instabilities-both at the microstructural scale in materials and at the macroscopic, structural level-lies a nonconvex potential energy landscape which is responsible, e.g., for phase transitions and domain switching, localization, pattern formation, or structural buckling and snapping. Deliberately driving a system close to, into, and beyond the unstable regime has been exploited to create new materials systems with superior, interesting, or extreme physical properties. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in utilizing mechanical instabilities in solids and structures at the microstructural level in order to control macroscopic (meta)material performance. After a brief theoretical review, we discuss examples of utilizing material instabilities (from phase transitions and ferroelectric switching to extreme composites) as well as examples of exploiting structural instabilities in acoustic and mechanical metamaterials.

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Section: Multistability and Nonlinear Metamaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Microstructural Instabilities in Solids and Structures: From Metamaterials to Structural Transitions

Kochmann

Bertoldi

2017

Applied Mechanics Reviews

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196

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“…Shan et al [215] demonstrated the accessibility of fabricating bistable structures by 3D printing multi-stable, architected materials. When compressed, the internal beam elements move into another stable state but with higher energy, exhibiting local, bistable deformation.…”

Section: Multi-stable Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

HCI meets Material Science

Qamar

Groh

Holman

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…soft | mechanical signal | stable propagation | instability S oft, highly deformable materials have enabled the design of new classes of tunable and responsive systems and devices, including bioinspired soft robots (1, 2), self-regulating microfluidics (3), adaptive optics (4), reusable energy-absorbing systems (5,6), structures with highly programmable responses (7), and morphological computing paradigms (8). However, their highly deformable and dissipative nature also poses unique challenges.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable propagation of mechanical signals in soft media using stored elastic energy

Raney

Nadkarni

Daraio

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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308

199

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Soft structures with rationally designed architectures capable of large, nonlinear deformation present opportunities for unprecedented, highly tunable devices and machines. However, the highly dissipative nature of soft materials intrinsically limits or prevents certain functions, such as the propagation of mechanical signals.Here we present an architected soft system composed of elastomeric bistable beam elements connected by elastomeric linear springs. The dissipative nature of the polymer readily damps linear waves, preventing propagation of any mechanical signal beyond a short distance, as expected. However, the unique architecture of the system enables propagation of stable, nonlinear solitary transition waves with constant, controllable velocity and pulse geometry over arbitrary distances. Because the high damping of the material removes all other linear, small-amplitude excitations, the desired pulse propagates with high fidelity and controllability. This phenomenon can be used to control signals, as demonstrated by the design of soft mechanical diodes and logic gates.soft | mechanical signal | stable propagation | instability S oft, highly deformable materials have enabled the design of new classes of tunable and responsive systems and devices, including bioinspired soft robots (1, 2), self-regulating microfluidics (3), adaptive optics (4), reusable energy-absorbing systems (5, 6), structures with highly programmable responses (7), and morphological computing paradigms (8). However, their highly deformable and dissipative nature also poses unique challenges. Although it has been demonstrated that the nonlinear response of soft structures can be exploited to design machines capable of performing surprisingly sophisticated functions on actuation (1, 2, 9), their high intrinsic dissipation has prevented the design of completely soft machines. Sensing and control functionalities, which require transmission of a signal over a distance, still typically rely on the integration of stiff electronic components within the soft material (10, 11), introducing interfaces that are often a source of mechanical failure.The design of soft control and sensing systems (and, consequently, completely soft machines) requires the ability to propagate a stable signal without distortion through soft media. There are two limiting factors intrinsic to materials that work against this: dispersion (signal distortion due to frequency-dependent phase velocity) and dissipation (loss of energy over time as the wave propagates through the medium). Dispersion can be controlled or eliminated through nonlinear effects produced via the control of structure in the medium (12). For example, periodic systems based on Hertzian contact (13-15), tensegrity structures (16), rigid bars and linkages (17), and bistable elastic elements (18) can behave as nondispersive media, with the nonlinearity of their local mechanical response canceling out the tendency for the signal to disperse at sufficiently large amplitudes. However, dissipation is still an ov...

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Multistable Architected Materials for Trapping Elastic Strain Energy

Cited by 738 publications

References 24 publications

Exploiting Microstructural Instabilities in Solids and Structures: From Metamaterials to Structural Transitions

Exploiting Microstructural Instabilities in Solids and Structures: From Metamaterials to Structural Transitions

HCI meets Material Science

Stable propagation of mechanical signals in soft media using stored elastic energy

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