Multistage modified Solvay process based on calcium oxide for carbon dioxide capture and reject brine desalination

Mohammad, Ameera F.; Mourad, Aya A-H.; Al-Marzouqi, Ali H.; El-Naas, Muftah H.; Van der Bruggen, Bart; Al-Marzouqi, Mohamed H.

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125000

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The sulfate analysis was conducted using the SulfaVer 4 Method (10248) using a Hach spectrophotometer (Hach-Lange DR5000). The reduction in the ammonia concentration was measured using a HACH-Intellical™ ISENH3181 ammonia ion-selective electrode, Loveland, Colorado; as for the nitrogen (N) concentration, it could easily be referred to as the NH 4 OH, NH 4 Cl, or NH 4 HCO 3 concentration [2,3]. Ammonia ionic strength adjustor (ISA) powder was used as a regent, which was added to the tested sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Solvay method, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) is generated by passing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) through a high-salinity water and ammonia solution [1][2][3][4]. Ammonia (NH 3 ) is used as a buffering agent in the solution and is not consumed as a reactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous methods have been applied to extract ammonia (NH 3 ) from water sources, each with its own set of limitations, such as suboptimal removal efficiency and high energy demands [1,3]. Techniques such as membrane distillation, breakpoint chlorination, biological aerated filters, ion exchange, stripping, and chemical precipitation are among the commonly employed methods to eliminate various concentrations of ammonia from different types of water [1,[5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process, conducted at moderate temperatures, exhibits the potential to achieve an 80% reduction in energy consumption, lowering it from 7.8 to 2.3 kWh/kg NH 3 , as compared to conventional processes that necessitate the heating of Solvay effluents to temperatures within the range of 160-230 • C. In addition to the presence of ammonia (NH 3 ), the occurrence of sulfate in the form of sulfate ions (SO 4 2− ) within the reject brine constitutes an additional concern. The sulfate concentration in desalination reject brine typically ranges from 4000 to 7000 mg/L [2,3]. It is critical to recognize that a sulfate concentration exceeding 600 mg/L in discharged water has a detrimental impact on aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our approach involves a gradual amalgamation of two distinct processes: sulfate chemical precipitation and ammonia stripping, both conducted within a closed electrocoagulation cell where calcium oxide (CaO) is present and aluminum electrodes are employed. This amalgamation replaces the use of separate or sequential treatment methods [2,3]. What sets our research apart is its novelty, as it marks the inaugural instance of combining the removal of sulfate and ammonia ions within a single integrated process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a Combined Approach for Sulfate and Ammonia Recovery from Treated Brine Using a Simultaneous Chemical Precipitation and Electrocoagulation Processes

Mohammad,

Haris,

Mourad

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Soda ash (Na2CO3) is produced using the traditional Solvay process. It entails the reaction of CO2 with high-salinity water in the presence of ammonia (NH3), which produces insoluble sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and soluble ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). In the current work, a newly combined approach has been developed to effectively manage the removal of ammonia and sulfate from the effluent of the Solvay process. The devised technique centers on an electrochemical coagulation process, complemented with the utilization of calcium oxide (CaO) as a buffering reagent. This innovative approach excels at achieving high recovery rates for both ammonia and sulfate. The recovered ammonia holds the potential for recycling, thereby contributing to the sustainability of the Solvay process by reusing ammonia in its initial stages. Furthermore, sulfate ions are recuperated in the form of calcium sulfate, a value-added product boasting various industrial applications. The results gleaned from this study underscore the efficacy of the ammonia recovery process, particularly when operating at elevated current densities and with higher calcium oxide concentrations. On the other hand, sulfate recovery demonstrates superior performance when exposed to moderate current densities and limited calcium oxide concentrations. Consequently, the integration of both stages within a single, cohesive process necessitates the development of an optimization methodology to cater to varying operational conditions. To address this need, second-order polynomial equations were formulated and employed to anticipate ammonia and sulfate removal rates in the integrated approach. Four independent variables come into play: calcium oxide concentration, current density, temperature, and mixing rate. The findings reveal that most of these variables exert substantial influences on both ammonia and sulfate removal rates, underscoring the need for careful consideration and fine-tuning to optimize the overall process. The maximum ammonia and sulfate removal were found to reach 99.50% and 96.03%, respectively, at a calcium oxide concentration of 3.5 g/100 mL, a current density of 19.95 mA/cm2, a temperature of 35 °C, and a mixing rate of 0.76 R/s. The results are promising, and the developed process is also suitable for recovering high concentrations of sulfate and ammonia from various wastewater sources.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%