This chapter tracks the emergence of "Internet governance" as a label, a field of research and academic study, and a real-world arena where stakeholders and interest groups clash and cooperate. We try to look at all three of them simultaneously-label, field of study, and set of practices and institutions-focusing on the interplay among them over time. We have chosen to begin our assessment of the field of Internet governance on the basis of when the term started to be consciously recognized as a phenomenon and labeled as such. Some may argue that some form of Internet governance was occurring before this; they might, for example, begin with the US Department of Defense's ARPANET and would characterize hammering out some of the early design principles of internetworking as Internet governance. An even broader approach, developed by Sandra Braman in chapter 2, tries to situate Internet governance in the convergence of computing and communication technologies in the 1950s and 1960s and the globalization of communication networks in the 1970s and 1980s. And while it is true that the Internet entered a policy context shaped by these processes, it is also true that the policy and governance of integrated services digital network (ISDN), or cross-border data flows over private leased telecommunication circuits, cannot be characterized as Internet governance. The Internet had its own distinctive protocols that posed unique governance problems. The Internet also evolved its own standards development organizations and governance institutions, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and address registries, that were outside the established institutions of global telecommunications governance.Historical periodizations are neither correct nor incorrect; they are more or less suited to specific purposes. Our purpose is not to track communications policy in general but to reveal the trajectory of Internet governance as