Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated With COVID-19 With Neurologic Manifestations in a Child: A Brief Report

Abstract

Although first considered a benign infection, recent studies have disclosed severe and potentially lethal inflammatory manifestations of COVID-19 in children. We report the case of a 4-year-old child with a post-infectious multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19, with a Kawasaki-like shock and prominent neurologic features, for whom a cytokine storm and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor were well documented.

Case Report: MIS-C Temporarily Associated With COVID-19 Complicated by Reye's Syndrome

“…MIS-C is a severe condition similar to Kawasaki disease, based on six main diagnostic elements: pediatric age, persistent fever, presence of laboratory markers of inflammation, signs or symptoms of organ dysfunctions, absence of an alternative diagnosis, and history of COVID-19 infection or exposure with possible cardiac and neurological presentations (5,6). Several societies and organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have defined the diagnostic criteria of MIS-C (1).…”

Arthritis in a Child with COVID-19-Related Multisystemic Inflammatory Disease - A Case Report

“…As the name suggests, MIS-C is a multisystemic disease which has been known to affect almost any system in the body: most commonly the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological and respiratory systems, and the skin [11][12][13][14][15], but also the central nervous system [16,17]. Involvement of the musculoskeletal system has been described much less frequently, and usually presents as myalgia [11,12,15].…”

Rehabilitation and COVID-19: a rapid living systematic review 2020 by Cochrane Rehabilitation Field. Update as of September 30th, 2020

“…The studies published in September 2020 were conducted in the following World Health Organization regions: 16 in Europe (Italy [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] , United Kingdom [13][14][15] , Belgium 16 , Germany 17 , Switzerland 18 , and Netherlands and Belgium together 19 ), 14 in the Americas (11 in the United States of America (USA) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] , 2 in Brazil 38,39 and 1 in Canada 40 ), 6 in Western Pacific (China 20 -21 , Japan 22 , Republic of Korea 23 ,Singapore 24 , Australia 25 ), and one in the South-East Asia region (India 26 ).…”

“…Due to the heterogeneity of published studies, a meta-analysis was not appropriate, thus the results are described qualitatively. Based on the OCEBM 2011 Levels of Evidence table 41 most studies (78.4%) were Level 4 (15 case reports 4,6,8,15,17,18,20,[23][24][25]27,28,34,39,40 , 7 case series 11,12,21,29,30,36,38 , and 7…”