Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: An update regarding the presentation of two critically ill patients

Taffarel, Pedro; Barón, Facundo Jorro; Rodríguez, Ana Paula; Widmer, Jesica; Meregallia, Claudia

doi:10.5546/aap.2021.eng.e26

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similarly, it was initially reported that children developed a milder disease than adults [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. This could be due to a collective loss of immune protection due to aging, which leads to cellular and molecular dysregulation of the innate immune system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an emerging viral disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to severe respiratory infections in humans. The first reports came in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. It was immediately clear that children developed a milder disease than adults. The reasons for the milder course of the disease were attributed to several factors: innate immunity, difference in ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme II) receptor expression, and previous infections with other common coronaviruses (CovH). This literature review aims to summarize aspects of innate immunity by focusing on the role of ACE2 expression and viral infections in children in modulating the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles deemed potentially eligible were considered, including those dealing with COVID-19 in children and providing more up-to-date and significant data in terms of epidemiology, prognosis, course, and symptoms, focusing on the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 disease in children. The bibliographic search was conducted using the search engines PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were entered in PubMed and Scopus: COVID-19 AND ACE2 AND Children; COVID-19 AND Immunity innate AND children. The search identified 857 records, and 18 studies were applicable based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that addressed the issues of COVID-19 concerning the role of ACE2 expression in children. The scientific literature agrees that children develop milder COVID-19 disease than adults. Milder symptomatology could be attributed to innate immunity or previous CovH virus infections, while it is not yet fully understood how the differential expression of ACE2 in children could contribute to milder disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2021

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“…As manifestações gastrointestinais (GI) foram frequentes 2,3,5,7,9-11,15,16,18-23 (70 23 -92% 11 ), sendo relatado diarreia 4,6,11,18,20,22,24 (38,3 3 -52% 6 ), dor abdominal 4,6,[11][12][13]20,24 (50 4 -100% 18 ) e vômito 11,18,20 (45 6 -68,3% 22 ).…”

Section: Diagnóstico Clínicounclassified

“…As manifestações mucocutâneas (42 8 -74% 11 ) mais relatadas foram rash cutâneo 3,4,[6][7][8][9][10]12,13,[18][19][20]22,23 , conjuntivite [6][7][8]10,[18][19][20][21][22][23] , língua em framboesa, lábios vermelhos e rachados 3,7,8,23 , e queilite 3,6,8,24 . As manifestações respiratórias 11,12,18,19 (50 4 -70% 11 ) encontradas foram taquipneia, retrações e aumento do esforço respiratório 19 .…”

Section: Diagnóstico Clínicounclassified

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Diagnóstico da síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica associada í COVID-19

Almeida¹,

Torquette²,

Rodrigues³

et al. 2021

SaudColetiv (Barueri)

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O SARS-CoV-2 pode ter provocado um aumento dos casos da Síndrome Inflamatória Multissistêmica Pediátrica (SIM-P), causando choque e falência de órgãos. O objetivo do artigo foi elucidar o que avaliar para diagnosticar a SIM-P associada í COVID-19. Método: Revisão bibliográfica na plataforma Evidence Aid e Pubmed com os descritores: pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome e COVID-19. Encontrou-se 89 artigos, selecionando 26 após triagem. Adicionou-se, manualmente, 2 boletins epidemiológicos e 1 postagem da Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo. Resultados: Os aspectos epidemiológicos, a presença de febre, rash cutâneo e alterações gastrointestinais e cardíacas, ajudam a caracterizar a síndrome. Nos exames laboratoriais são encontrados aumento de: proteína C-reativa, D-dímero, procalcitonina, ferritina sérica, fibrinogênio e marcadores cardíacos. Conclusão: A identificação das alterações é crucial para o diagnóstico diferencial e correto da SIM-P. Ademais, a padronização da coleta de dados e a identificação e descrição dos sinais e sintomas cooperaria para o diagnóstico.

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“…Finalmente el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico es una afección en la cual diversas partes del cuerpo pueden inflamarse, entre ellas los pulmones, riñones, cerebro y corazón, la piel, los ojos o los órganos gastrointestinales, de acuerdo a estudios recientes esta patología afecta solo a los niños hasta los 8 años de edad, siempre y cuando hayan tenido un diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19 (Fallas et al, 2021). Este síndrome suele aparecer desde la segunda semana hasta la sexta semana post diagnóstico de COVID-19 (Hernández et al, 2021), la mayoría de los niños que lo desarrollan evolucionan favorablemente al tratamiento médico, mientras que otros niños sufren una grave afección a sus órganos, por lo cual necesitan de intervenciones avanzadas y en casos graves ingresan a UCI para un tratamiento integral, en el que interviene un equipo multidisciplinario (Taffarel et al, 2021).…”

unclassified

Sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en infantes pos covid-19: revisión bibliográfica

Vanegas

Mesa-Cano

2023

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Introducción. En el año 2020 se informó por primera vez sobre el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a COVID-19 en niños, el cual puede tener un curso severo y puede requerir apoyo de cuidados. Objetivo. Examinar en la literatura científica sobre sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños con COVID-19. Metodología. Se realizo una revisión sistemática de publicaciones indexadas en los siguientes exploradores: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, desde el año 2017, se escogieron aquellos que tuvieron alguna relación con la temática a tratar, de forma complementaria esta búsqueda se realizara utilizando las palabras claves. Resultados. Se encontró un total de 26 artículos relacionados con el tema que reflejan que el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico se encuentra presente en un gran porcentaje de niños que sufrieron COVID-19, el MIS se caracteriza por presentar fiebre, manifestaciones gastrointestinales, cambios en la mucosa oral y erupción cutánea. Para el diagnóstico de esta patología se emplean exámenes de laboratorio e imagen. El tratamiento consiste en aplicar principalmente inmunoglobulina IV. Conclusión. Al ser una patología de reciente aparición en niños es importante estudiarla y definir los diferentes componentes para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado.

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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: An update regarding the presentation of two critically ill patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Diagnóstico da síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica associada í COVID-19

Sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en infantes pos covid-19: revisión bibliográfica

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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: An update regarding the presentation of two critically ill patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Diagnóstico da sí­ndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica associada í COVID-19

Sintomatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en infantes pos covid-19: revisión bibliográfica

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Diagnóstico da síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica pediátrica associada í COVID-19