Multitone Excitation Analysis in RF Energy Harvesters—Considerations and Limitations

Shariati, Negin; Scott, James R.; Schreurs, Dominique; Ghorbani, Kamran

doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2828978

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This may reduce the calculation cost. The behaviors of the voltage transitions from the rectification processes to the output for the case of voltage doubler-type rectifiers are discussed in [25], [26]. However, the realizations of V out is extremely challenging as the formula with regard to V out include nonlinear expressions, thus, the behaviors of such equations are analyzed through simulation [5], [9], [25]- [27].…”

Section: B Harmonic Signal Generation and Rectificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peak to Average Power Ratio Based Signal Detection for Frequency Shift Multitone SWIPT System

Ikeuchi

Kawahara

2021

IEEE Access

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In this paper, we investigate a multitone simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) based modulation scheme for battery-less Internet of Things (IoT) nodes that works in the ultra high frequency (UHF) region. The conventional SWIPT system is assumed to have power-consuming communication modules. Having such modules on to the IoT nodes whose power is harvested from radio frequency (RF) power sources is too unrealistic. In addition, waveform design from the aspect of power harvesting through SWIPT still has room for consideration. Recent studies have explored multitone based SWIPT to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE). In these schemes, information is modulated by changing each tone's nature or varying the number of tones. Among these methods, we focused on modulation schemes known as frequency-shift multitone based SWIPT, which shifts frequencies among the tones for information encoding. Unlike previously proposed methods where demodulation requires some power-consuming fast Fourier transfers (FFTs), especially under small communication bandwidths, we applied a signal detection method by measuring output peak to average power ratios (PAPRs) for frequency-shift multitone based SWIPT to reduce power consumption. Based on our analysis, different tone configurations in the frequency domain would yield varieties of nonlinear outputs during the rectification process. In addition, these specific nonlinear output patterns depend on the tone configurations. With this feature, it is possible to demodulate in the time domain at the receiver side using PAPR based measurements, which could eliminate FFT operation. This paper describes how measuring PAPRs enables the detection of signals in theory and validates this through simulations and experiments. We also estimate the communication rates. Based on our results, we achieved 0.46 bits/s/Hz when the number of tones was 6 and estimated that there were (N − 1)(N − 2)/2 + 1 different PAPRs from a given multitone waveform whose number of tones was N .INDEX TERMS Energy harvesting, frequency shift keying, multisine based waveforms, peak to average ratio, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer.

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Section: B Harmonic Signal Generation and Rectificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peak to Average Power Ratio Based Signal Detection for Frequency Shift Multitone SWIPT System

Ikeuchi

Kawahara

2021

IEEE Access

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“…One of the biggest problems of WPT is that at small RF power levels, the RF-todc conversion efficiency and DC voltage of the energy harvester such as rectenna (antenna + rectifier) are considerably low [1]. To increase the DC voltage and/or the efficiency at very low power, optimizing the waveforms can be a useful solution [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. On the other hand, the electronics devices and sensors should be able to harvest the energy from ambiance with different RF signals with several frequency ranges such as GSM, UMTS, Wi-Fi and LTE2600/4G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, it is shown how the optimized pulse waveform has allowed improving the performances of this structure over the frequency band of interest. When applying different types of waveforms such as CW, OFDM, white noise and chaotic signals to a single diode rectifier, the output DC voltage is often improved as the PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) of the input signal increases [1][2][3]. The single-diode rectifier has its efficiency gain improved up to 5 dB at -15 dBm by using multisine signals compared to CW [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waveform Optimization Using RF Pulse Signal on Voltage-Doubler Broadband Rectenna

Pham

Takhedmit

Cirio

2021

IEEE J. Radio Freq. Identif.

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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“…More elaborated signal should be used to boost the efficiency. The combination of two tones is used in [10] to enhance the RF power harvesting. The WPH in FM broadcast band presented in [10] shows the multi-tone excitation effect on dc output response of the rectifier circuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of two tones is used in [10] to enhance the RF power harvesting. The WPH in FM broadcast band presented in [10] shows the multi-tone excitation effect on dc output response of the rectifier circuit. In order to achieve high efficiency in the case of power transfer, it is mandatory to send high power which is not authorized by different standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Ultra-Wide Band Multistage Rectifier for Pulsed Signal Power Transmission

Moulay¹,

Djerafi²

2021

PIER C

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This paper presents a multi-sections broad-band radio-frequency (RF) to direct-current (dc) power rectifier for pulsed signal transfer. The power transfer using a pulse allows to use a signal with low power spectral density. The optimal distributed configuration with critical parameters is studied to enhance the efficiency over broadband frequency and wide power range. A five-stage distributed RF-dc converter arrangement with micro-strip transmission line ensures the power harvesting from 100 MHz to 11 GHz. The designed and fabricated circuit is characterized at multi-frequencies of ultra-wide band (UWB). The distributed harvester significantly improves the detected voltage over a wide bandwidth compared to conventional RF detectors. The achieved efficiency with optimized parameters is 48% with five-stage harvester. A maximum dc output of 956 mV is reached at 8 dBm of input power of sinusoidal single tone signal at 1 GHz of frequency. The designed prototype is associated with a square wave signal to show the circuit potential in terms of power transfer. The output voltage can be controlled with input signal level, frequency, as well as the pulse width. For the power transfer circuit, 996 mV of maximum dc output voltage is reached for 1 V of input amplitude at 1 GHz with duty cycle of 50%. The efficiency increases significantly with duty cycle ratio of the input signal. The power harvester associated with a UWB antenna confirms the benefit of using a square wave signal in the case of power harvesting or transfer.

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Multitone Excitation Analysis in RF Energy Harvesters—Considerations and Limitations

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Peak to Average Power Ratio Based Signal Detection for Frequency Shift Multitone SWIPT System

Peak to Average Power Ratio Based Signal Detection for Frequency Shift Multitone SWIPT System

Waveform Optimization Using RF Pulse Signal on Voltage-Doubler Broadband Rectenna

Enhanced Ultra-Wide Band Multistage Rectifier for Pulsed Signal Power Transmission

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