SUMMARY Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission is attracting interest for increasing the transmission rates of wireless systems. This paper surveys MIMO transmission technology from the viewpoints of transmission methods, access control schemes, and total transmission efficiency. We consider wireless local area networks (WLAN) systems that use MIMO technology; moreover, we focus on multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) technology, which will be introduced in next-generation WLAN systems such as IEEE802.11ac. This paper explains the differences in the detailed access control procedures for MIMO and MU-MIMO transmission, including channel state information (CSI) acquisition. Furthermore, the issues related to CSI feedback and solutions are also discussed. Related works on the medium access control (MAC) protocol in MIMO/MU-MIMO transmission are introduced. In addition, the throughput performance using MIMO/MU-MIMO transmission is evaluated considering an IEEE802.11ac-based WLAN system. From the numerical evaluation, it is shown that the overhead due to CSI feedback from the user terminals to the base station causes a decrease in the throughput. We verified that implicit beamforming, which eliminates CSI feedback, is effective for solving this issue. , and commercial products based on these standards will appear in the near future. Moreover, the standardization of next-generation wireless LAN (WLAN) aims to achieve further high performance and high efficiency by using MU-MIMO transmission technology, and a task group for that standard called IEEE802.11ax [22] [32]. However, the transmission rate achieved by SU-MIMO/MU-MIMO transmission is not currently adequately utilized because the overhead of the access control protocol in the medium access control (MAC) layer decreases the transmission efficiency, even though the physical transmission rate has been increased in the PHY layer by the adoption of SU-MIMO/MU-MIMO technology. Therefore, the MAC-service access point (MAC-SAP) throughput including the protocol in the MAC layer decreases greatly creases in multilevel modulation and the number of subcarriers in WLAN systems. The decrease in the transmission efficiency is a significant issue because the ratio of the overhead of the MAC protocol is larger for MU-MIMO transmission. Although there are above issues, the frequency utilization and channel capacity have been evaluated in only PHY-layer.Further, the throughput and delay characteristics in relation to the access control scheme have been evaluated in the MAC layer. Therefore, these studies have been individually evaluated. No adequate evaluation of the throughput and transmission efficiency considering both the PHY and MAC layers has not been published.This paper surveys conventional SU-MIMO/MU-MIMO transmission technology from the viewpoints of both wireless communication systems and transmission efficiency, and the most popular WLAN systems that use SU-MIMO/MU-MIMO technology are chiefly discussed. Moreover, we survey the MU-MIMO technology used in next-generatio...