Multivalent DNA vaccine protects against genital herpes by T-cell immune induction in vaginal mucosa

Kim, Hyeon‐Cheol; Oh, Dong Sun; Park, Jang Hyun; Kim, Hyun‐Jin; Seo, Yong Bok; Yoo, Hye Jee; Jang, Hye Seon; Shin, Jua; Kim, Chae Won; Kwon, Myeong Seung; Jin, Hyun-Tak; Lee, Sung Ki; Oh, Ji Eun; Lee, Kyung-Mi

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104755

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…CD4 + T cells and antigen-specific CD8 + were stimulated to produce high amounts of IFN-γ, both in locally infected tissues and lymphoid organs. The authors also report the generation of memory T cells which are being studied to evaluate whether they can mount an anti-HSV-2 immune response even after primary infection [ 147 ]. Recently, a group of researchers tested their DNA vaccine candidate—a codon-modified polynucleotide vaccine COR-1 in HSV-2 positive patients, and reported a reduction in viral shedding after administration [ 115 ].…”

Section: Hsv Vaccination and Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

et al. 2020

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most common viral infections and usually last for a lifetime. The virus can potentially be controlled with vaccines since humans are the only known host. However, despite the development and trial of many vaccines, this has not yet been possible. This is normally attributed to the high latency potential of the virus. Numerous immune cells, particularly the natural killer cells and interferon gamma and pathways that are used by the body to fight HSV infections have been identified. On the other hand, the virus has developed different mechanisms, including using different microRNAs to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy to avoid clearance and aid latency induction. Both traditional and new methods of vaccine development, including the use of live attenuated vaccines, replication incompetent vaccines, subunit vaccines and recombinant DNA vaccines are now being employed to develop an effective vaccine against the virus. We conclude that this review has contributed to a better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and the virus, which is necessary for the development of an effective vaccine against HSV.

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Section: Hsv Vaccination and Immunotherapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

et al. 2020

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“…In mice that have been immunized, CD4 T cell depletion significantly eliminates immune memory. The effects of CTLs alone seem insignificant, but in situations where CD4 T cells are not present, the effects of CD8 T cell depletion are more significant [ 47 ].…”

Section: Immune Response Against Hsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also many nucleic acid-based vaccines in which gD and other antigens are targeted. Because gD mainly produces CD4 T cell-related responses, proteins UL25 and gB, which contain the CD8 T cell specific epitopes, were selected as additional targets to boost the CTL response [ 47 , 75 ]. In addition, molecules expressed in the early lytic phase, such as ICP0, ICP4, and UL39, were targeted to raise the overall T cell response [ 47 ].…”

Section: Status Of Hsv Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A DNA vaccine containing interleukin 28B (IL-28B), which is known to enhance cellular and humoral responses in mouse models, showed a preventive effect against genital herpes in a guinea pig model [ 75 ]. A DNA vaccine containing IL-12, IL-21, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) induced a virus-specific T cell response in vaginal tissue and eliminated the virus fairly well, indicating that it has a preventive effect against primary infection in a mouse model [ 47 ].…”

Section: Status Of Hsv Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccines against Genital Herpes: Where Are We?

Kim

Lee

2020

Vaccines

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Genital herpes is a venereal disease caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). Although HSV symptoms can be reduced with antiviral drugs, there is no cure. Moreover, because HSV infected individuals are often unaware of their infection, it is highly likely that they will transmit HSV to their sexual partner. Once infected, an individual has to live with HSV for their entire life, and HSV infection can lead to meningitis, encephalitis, and neonatal herpes as a result of vertical transmission. In addition, HSV infection increases the rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and transmission. Because of the high burden of genital herpes, HSV vaccines have been developed, but none have been very successful. In this review, we discuss the current status of genital herpes vaccine development.

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“…Several studies demonstrated that multivalent inhibitors are effective agents for preventing viral infection. 5,6,7 However, only few articles have reported the development of NAIs that take advantage of multivalency. This review will give an overview of the multivalent effects in neuraminidase inhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivalency effects in neuraminidase inhibitor design for influenza virus

Wei¹,

Pieters²

2021

Arkivoc

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Multivalent interactions exist everywhere in nature. Here we will summarize the available data of multivalency effects that were explored for the design of novel neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors of influenza virus A. Although multivalency is a most effective tool to achieve high binding affinity, the molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. The potency of multivalent neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are dependent on the length, rigidity and chemical composition of the linker, ligand chemical structure and also the density of the ligand display. Important issues such as potential side-effects, drug-resistance, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics are largely unexplored with respect to application. The multivalent NAIs reported so far were of surprising potency and may play a role in therapeutic application and may prove valuable in forecasted pandemics .

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Multivalent DNA vaccine protects against genital herpes by T-cell immune induction in vaginal mucosa

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and Vaccine Development

Vaccines against Genital Herpes: Where Are We?

Multivalency effects in neuraminidase inhibitor design for influenza virus

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