2019
DOI: 10.1039/c9ta02678a
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Multivalent metal ion hybrid capacitors: a review with a focus on zinc-ion hybrid capacitors

Abstract: Multivalent metal ion hybrid capacitors are overviewed from the angle of design concept, configuration, electrochemical behavior and energy storage mechanism.

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Cited by 354 publications
(220 citation statements)
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“…Different from the ion insertion/extraction or conversion mechanism of MBs, MSCs store the energy by fast surface reactions, arising much attention due to high power density, long‐term cyclability and superior rate capability, but suffer from relatively inferior energy density 24,97 . To combine the unique strengths of MBs and MSCs into one device, the hybrid ion MSCs have emerged as a highly competitive class of MESDs with high energy density and satisfactory power density, assembled by a capacitive electrode as power source and a battery‐type electrode as energy source.…”
Section: Zinc Ion Microsupercapacitorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Different from the ion insertion/extraction or conversion mechanism of MBs, MSCs store the energy by fast surface reactions, arising much attention due to high power density, long‐term cyclability and superior rate capability, but suffer from relatively inferior energy density 24,97 . To combine the unique strengths of MBs and MSCs into one device, the hybrid ion MSCs have emerged as a highly competitive class of MESDs with high energy density and satisfactory power density, assembled by a capacitive electrode as power source and a battery‐type electrode as energy source.…”
Section: Zinc Ion Microsupercapacitorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In order to resolve low volumetric capacitance issue, the approach of liquid‐mediated dense integration of 2D graphenes has been employed, demonstrating four‐fold increase in volumetric capacitance . In addition to the modification of electrode materials, multivalent ion carriers such as Mg, Al, and Zn ions have been accommodated to improve the specific capacitance . However, the charge storage kinetics became sluggish due to slow diffusion and high activation energy, as well as the charge storage efficiency was lowered due to irreversible reactions .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, multivalention (e.g., Zn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Al 3+ ) storage systems have emerged and exhibited unique electrochemical behaviors [1][2][3][4][5][6]. During various multivalent-ion storage systems, zinc metal anode-based aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) and zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs) are particularly attractive [1,[7][8][9][10][11], due to their high safety, low cost, abundant natural resource of zinc, and unique electrochemical features of zinc metal anodes such as low redox potential of − 0.76 V (vs. standard hydrogen electrode) and ultrahigh volumetric capacity of 5845 Ah L −1 . Furthermore, the high ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolytes such as ZnSO 4 solutions in ZIBs and ZICs is beneficial for achieving high power output.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%