Multivariate correction in laser-enhanced ionization with laser sampling

Determination of lithium in lithium-ionic conductors by laser-enhanced ionization spectrometry with laser ablation

“…To reduce the strong matrix effects caused by the microstructure of ferrites, we decided to use a multivariate correlation approach applied to correct matrix variations of aluminium aviation alloys. 28 The approach utilized a 3D correlation plot, where the Z axis corresponded to analytical LEI signal, the Y axis corresponded to the reference acoustic signal and the X axis corresponded to the reference emission signal. Considerable multicollinearity between reference signals (see Table 3) resulted in the points in 3D space being scattered near a curve instead of a plane.…”

“…For this purpose, the optimization of experimental set-up and detection conditions is required to operate with several reference signals (optoacoustic, emission from matrix and ion probe current) and to realize the multivariate correction for LA-LEI thoroughly described for aluminium alloys analysis. 28 Fig. 1 Experimental set-up: 1ablation laser, 2laser energy meter, 3microscope, 4pump laser, 5, 6dye lasers, 7burner head, 8cathode, 9monochromator with PMT, 10microphone, 11delay generator, 12computer, Aamplifiers, BSbeam splitters, HVhigh voltage supply modules, Mmirrors.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Advances in atomic emission, absorption, and fluorescence spectrometry, and related techniques

“…Popov et al 310 performed a multivariate correction method to address the matrix problems associated with LEI. The following were used as reference signals and were measured simultaneously: opto-acoustic, atomic emission and non-selective ionization signals.…”

Improvement of quantitative analysis of molybdenum element using PLS-based approaches for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in various pressure environments

“…In the past, normalization approaches have been generally applied to minimize uncertainty and improve the stability of spectral signal [13]. The acoustic wave from ablation has been virtually used as a reference signal for pulse-to-pulse correction [14], Mie-scattering has been presented as a reference signal to correct the variations in amount of particulates [15]. Also, spectral fluctuations have been corrected by normalizing of the reference spectral signal (total plasma emission within a spectral window, emission background, internal standard or reference line) [13].…”