Multivariate Cranial Ontogenetic Allometries in Crab-eating, Rhesus and Japanese Macaques.

Mouri, Toshio

doi:10.1537/ase.104.281

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Parallel shifts in the allometric lines, i.e., higher elevations for the tropical zone than the subtropical/temperate zone, were also observed in the entire sample and between the silenus and sylvanus groups. A similar pattern, namely an allometric dissociation among several macaque species, has been reported in previous studies (Fooden, ; Mouri, ; Rook and O'Higgins, ; Fooden, ; Singleton, ). Our findings suggest that allometric changes have occurred several times in Macaca , including the elevation differences between the species groups, the elevation differences among species within each of the fascicularis and sinica species groups, the decreased slopes in M. mulatta and M. fuscata , and the possible increased slope in M. assamensis , M. thibetana , and M. nemestrina .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Weak seasonality means that females in estrus are observed throughout the year, and therefore the number of estrus females at a given time could be limited when compared with species with estrus females that are seasonally constrained within a certain period. Limitations on estrus females may enhance male–male competition, thus causing selection pressure for a more elongated face that allows the males to possess longer canines (Mouri, ). Tropical macaque species tend to have relatively longer male canines than do subtropical/temperate species (Plavcan, ; Ito, personal observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecogeographical and phylogenetic effects on craniofacial variation in macaques

Ito

Nishimura

Takai

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

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The widespread and complex ecogeographical diversity of macaques may have caused adaptive morphological convergence among four phylogenetic subgroups, making their phylogenetic relationships unclear. We used geometric morphometrics and multivariate analyses to test the null hypothesis that craniofacial morphology does not vary with ecogeographical and phylogenetic factors. As predicted by Bergmann's rule, size was larger for the fascicularis and sinica groups in colder environments. No clear size cline was observed in the silenus and sylvanus groups. An allometric pattern was observed across macaques, indicating that as size increases, rounded faces become more elongated. However, the elevation was differentiated within each of the former two groups and between the silenus and sylvanus groups, and the slope decreased in each of the two northern species of the fascicularis group. All allometric changes resulted in the similar situation of the face being more rounded in animals inhabiting colder zones and/or in animals having a larger body size than that predicted from the overarching allometric pattern. For non-allometric components, variations in prognathism were significantly correlated with dietary differences; variations in localized shape components in zygomatics and muzzles were significantly correlated with phylogenetic differences among the subgroups. The common allometric pattern was probably influenced directly or indirectly by climate-related factors, which are pressures favoring a more rounded face in colder environments and/or a more elongated face in warmer environments. Allometric dissociation could have occurred several times in Macaca even within a subgroup because of their wide latitudinal distributions, critically impairing the taxonomic utility of craniofacial elongation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecogeographical and phylogenetic effects on craniofacial variation in macaques

Ito

Nishimura

Takai

2014

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…There is evidence suggesting that in numerous primate species male and female animals share a common growth pattern in most cranial dimensions [40][41][42]. The results of cross-sectional studies of maxillary sinus growth in the Japanese macaque [2] and the orangutan [19] as well as a longitudinal study of frontal sinus growth in humans [17] show that internal cranial structures such as the paranasal sinuses also seem to grow according to the trend described above.…”

Section: Growth Of the Maxillary Sinusmentioning

confidence: 89%

A Longitudinal Study of the Growth Pattern of the Maxillary Sinus in the Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

Koppe

Swindler²,

Lee³

2000

IJFP

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The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in maxillary sinus size in a nonhuman primate was studied longitudinally for a period of 8 years in 25 female and 25 male Macaca nemestrina via lateral cephalograms. The maxillary sinus was traced and its area digitized. The growth of female maxillary sinuses was described with a Gompertz model; the best fit to the male data was obtained by the logistic model. Growth curves and confidence intervals revealed that the sinuses grew in a similar fashion for 3–4 years in both sexes. After this, female sinuses achieved a plateau in their development while male sinuses continued to grow. Confidence intervals suggested that size dimorphism appeared at the age of 6.3 years. Lowess regression indicated growth spurts in both sexes. Females experienced an earlier and smaller spurt than males. Sexual dimorphism in maxillary sinus size seems to represent a combination of differences in velocity and length of growth. This study indicates that growth of the maxillary sinus follows closely the growth in body size. Nevertheless, due to the variation in sinus size in Macaca, it is questionable if body size is the main determinant of maxillary sinus size. It is suggested that Macaca, with its wide geographic range and different environments, is an especially appropriate genus to use to test hypotheses about the evolution of skull pneumatization in primates.

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“…Bootstrapping of the LS regression parameters was conducted using NCSS statistical software (Hintze, 2004). Multivariate allometry across all variables simultaneously was examined using principal components analysis (PCA) based on the variance-covariance matrix of the log 10-transformed ontogenetic data (Jolicoeur, 1963;Shea, 1982;Mouri, 1996). The size variable (in this study, the log10-transformed value of the cube root of body mass) was included in the PCA (Shea, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and somatometric growth of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) in Singapore

Schillaci

Jones‐Engel

Lee

et al. 2007

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Crab-eating, or long-tailed, macaques [Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821)] have been studied extensively throughout their distribution in South and South-east Asia. Despite this extensive body of research, the island population of long-tailed macaques from Singapore remains virtually undescribed. In the present study, we compare the morphometric variability and patterns of growth observed in a population sample from Singapore with a composite sample from Thailand, north of the Isthmus of Kra. The results of our analyses indicate that there are statistically significant differences between the two populations in adult size and shape. For both males and females, the Singapore population is smaller than the Thai population. Relative to body length, the Singapore macaques exhibit significantly longer tails, and, relative to cranial length, they exhibit significantly more narrow faces than the Thai macaques. Although levels of sexual dimorphism for most morphometric traits are very similar, indicating similar levels of male-male competition for females, the Singapore males exhibit a significantly larger testicular volume relative to body weight, suggestive of an alternative male reproductive strategy. In addition to adult somatometric size and shape, comparisons of growth patterns relative to age and body size reveal significant differences between the two population samples. Combined, these results suggest either that statistically significant differences in adult morphology and patterns of growth can occur in presumably reproductively cohesive subspecies, or the Singapore macaques may be taxonomically distinct.

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Multivariate Cranial Ontogenetic Allometries in Crab-eating, Rhesus and Japanese Macaques.

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Ecogeographical and phylogenetic effects on craniofacial variation in macaques

Ecogeographical and phylogenetic effects on craniofacial variation in macaques

A Longitudinal Study of the Growth Pattern of the Maxillary Sinus in the Pig-Tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

Morphology and somatometric growth of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis) in Singapore

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