Multivariate gaussian model for designing additive distortion for steganography

Fridrich, Jessica; Kodovský, Jan

doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6638198

Cited by 112 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These techniques are designed by finding a model for cover images, and embedding modifications are done in such a way that this model is preserved. Highly undetectable stego (HUGO) [5], ASO [17], universal wavelet relative distortion (UNIWARD) [18], and maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) [19] [20], a non-heuristic distortion function is used to preserve the Kullback Leibler distance.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge-based image steganography

Islam

Modi

Gupta

2014

EURASIP J. on Info. Security

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper proposes a novel steganography technique, where edges in the cover image have been used to embed messages. Amount of data to be embedded plays an important role on the selection of edges, i.e., the more the amount of data to be embedded, larger the use of weaker edges for embedding. Experimental results have shown that the proposed technique performs better or at least at par with the state-of-the-art steganography techniques but provides higher embedding capacity.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edge-based image steganography

Islam

Modi

Gupta

2014

EURASIP J. on Info. Security

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, many approaches design distortion function begin with a good statistic image model. Different to WOW, S-UNIWARD, or HILL, MG (Multivariate Gaussian) [19] adopt a different strategy in which the cover is modeled as a sequence of independent but not necessarily identically distributed quantized Gaussians. Then, the costs (the probabilities of modifying each pixel or change rates) are computed analytically from the estimated model in order to minimize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the cover and stego distributions or, equivalently, the power of an optimal statistical test.…”

Section: Model Driven Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of distortion function design in spatial domain

Li¹

2017

Proceedings of the 2017 7th International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2017)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In modern steganography, designing a distortion function to get the cost for every cover elements is an open problem. Many researchers have proposed a lot of different valuable distortion functions from different point of view. In this paper, the distortion function are classified to three categories, the first is from the view of steganalysis to design distortion function, the second is the distortion function are designed by filters bank, the third is the distortion function is designed begin with a well model of images. It is hoped that the summarized result in this paper is valuable for designing other better distortion function.

show abstract

“…The MiPOD scheme was proposed by Sedighi et al in 2015. The major contribution of the MiPOD scheme is that the pixel values are changed by at most ±1 when a secure message is embedded into the cover image with the Gaussian cover model [22,23], and Sedighi et al also considered a novel detectability-limited sender and estimated the secure payload of each cover image. In Figure 9, the vertical axis represents the error rate obtained by the SPAM method, and the horizontal axis represents the embedding rate (bpp), which ranges from 0.1 bpp to 6.7 bpp.…”

Section: Image Steganalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Bit Data Hiding Scheme for Compressing Secret Messages

Kuo

Wuu

2015

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of data hiding techniques usually considers two issues, embedding capacity and image quality. Consequently, in order to achieve high embedding capacity and good image quality, a data hiding scheme combining run-length encoding (RLE) with multi-bit embedding is proposed in this paper. This work has three major contributions. First, the embedding capacity is increased 62% because the secret message is compressed before embedding into the cover image. Secondly, the proposed scheme keeps the multi-bit generalized exploiting modification direction (MGEMD) characteristics, which are effective to reduce modified pixels in the cover image and to maintain good stego image quality. Finally, the proposed scheme can prevent modern steganalysis methods, such as RS steganalysis and SPAM (subtractive pixel adjacency matrix), and is compared to MiPOD (minimizing the power of the optimal detector) scheme. From our simulation results and security discussions, we have the following results: First, there are no perceivable differences between the cover images and stego images from human inspection. For example, the average PSNR of stego images is about 44.61 dB when the secret message (80,000 bits) is embedded for test cover images (such as airplane, baboon, Lena) of size 512×512. Secondly, Appl. Sci. 2015, 5 1034 on average, 222,087 pixels were not modified after embedding for the cover image. That is to say, 12% less pixels are modified as compared to the MGEMD method. From the performance discussions, the proposed scheme achieves high embedding capacity and good image quality, but also maintains stego image security.

show abstract

Multivariate gaussian model for designing additive distortion for steganography

Cited by 112 publications

References 16 publications

Edge-based image steganography

Edge-based image steganography

Review of distortion function design in spatial domain

Multi-Bit Data Hiding Scheme for Compressing Secret Messages

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About