Multivariate Relationships between Snowmelt and Plant Distributions in the High Arctic Tundra

Park, Jeong‐Soo; Son, Deokjoo; Lee, Yoo Kyung; Yun, Jong Hak; Lee, Eun Ju

doi:10.1007/s12374-017-0361-z

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These species are distributed widely and are major components with a greater biomass (Van der Wal et al 2000). Similar to these results, Park et al (2018) examined the dominant plant species in Ny-Ålesund, which were classified into the following three groups, while simultaneously considering species abundance and niche overlap: Group 1 (L. confuse and S. polaris), Group 2 (Saxifraga oppositifolia, B. vivipara, and S. acaulis), and Group 3 (D. octopetala and C. tetragona). In addition, O. digyna (Polygonaceae) also occurs in diverse habitats at elevations from sea level to 4,500 m throughout the Arctic and in the mountain range (Wang et al 2016).…”

Section: Plant-species Co-occurrence Pattern and Richnesssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Several studies on the plant ecology in Ny-Ålesund have examined vegetation development (Yoshitake et al 2011), the photosynthetic characteristics of dominant plant species (Muraoka et al 2008), colonization characteristics of Salix polaris (Nakatsubo et al 2010), root-associated fungal communities among plant species (Davey et al 2015), cover change of vegetation and glaciers (Ren et al 2021), vegetation maps (Moreau et al 2005), and relationships between snowmelt and plant distribution (Park et al 2018); however, the vegetation composition and co-occurrence associated with the main dominant plant species have received much less attention. Moreover, the dominant plant patches in Arctic environments remain poorly explored.…”

Section: Sonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This area was deglaciated ca. 11,000-13,000 years ago (Cannone et al 2004), and mature vegetation is dominant in a portion of the study area (Park et al 2018). The mean temperature is -3.2°C, and the average total annual precipitation of rain or snow was 490.5 mm for the period from 2011 to 2015 (Son and Lee 2022).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant co-occurrence patterns and soil environments associated with three dominant plants in the Arctic

Son

2023

J Ecol Environ

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Background:The positive effects of Arctic plants on the soil environment and plant-species co-occurrence patterns are known to be particularly important in physically harsh environments. Although three dominant plants (Cassiope tetragona, Dryas octopetala, and Silene acaulis) are abundant in the Arctic ecosystem at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, few studies have examined their occurrence patterns with other species and their buffering effect on soil-temperature and soil-moisture fluctuation. To quantify the plant-species co-occurrence patterns and their positive effects on soil environments, I surveyed the vegetation cover, analyzed the soil-chemical properties (total carbon, total nitrogen, pH, and soil organic matter) from 101 open plots, and measured the daily soil-temperature and soil-moisture content under three dominant plant patches and bare soil. Results: The Cassiope tetragona and Dryas octopetala communities increased the soil-temperature stability; however, the three dominant plant communities did not significantly affect the soil-moisture stability. Non-metric multidimensional scaling separated the sampling sites into three groups based on the different vegetation compositions. The three dominant plants occurred randomly with other species; however, the vegetation composition of two positive co-occurring species pairs (Oxyria digyna-Cerastium acrticum and Luzula confusa-Salix polaris) was examined. The plant species richness did not significantly differ in the three plant communities. Conclusions: The three plant communities showed distinctive vegetation compositions; however, the three dominant plants were randomly and widely distributed throughout the study sites. Although the facilitative effects of the three Arctic plants on increases in the soil-moisture fluctuation and richness were not quantified, this research enables a deeper understanding of plant co-occurrence patterns in Arctic ecosystems and thereby contributes to predicting the shift in vegetation composition and coexistence in response to climate warming. This research highlights the need to better understand plant-plant interactions within tundra communities.

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Section: Plant-species Co-occurrence Pattern and Richnesssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Sonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant co-occurrence patterns and soil environments associated with three dominant plants in the Arctic

Son

2023

J Ecol Environ

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“…The melt factor is estimated according to the following relationship:

M_{f} = ({, \begin{matrix} T_{a} \times bold-italicDDF, T_{a} > T_{c} \\ bold0, T_{a} \leq T_{c} \end{matrix})

where M f is the melt factor (mm/day), and DDF is the degree‐day factor (mm/(°C·day)), which is considered as 37.5 for mountain snow, according to Lang and Braun (1990). Further, different vegetation cover will result in different amount of melt (Park et al, 2018; Winkler et al, 2018) and it is possible to use a land use landcover (LULC) map as an input and specify different spatially distributed snowmelt factors. The model in PCRaster is made in such a way that different snowmelt factors can be given as a spatially distributed input.…”

Section: Numerical Modeling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sequentially Coupled Catchment‐Scale Numerical Model for Snowmelt‐Induced Soil Slope Instabilities

et al. 2020

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The frequency of snowmelt-induced soil slope instabilities is increasing in some seasonally cold regions because of climate change. Reliable hazard assessment and risk mitigation of snowmelt-induced landslides require physically-based prediction models. However, existing models either apply only at the slope scale or assume precipitation as the sole landslide trigger. In doing so, they neglect the complexity and coupled nature of the thermo-hydro-mechanical processes leading to slope instability in seasonally cold regions (such as snow accumulation and melting, infiltration and surface runoff, soil saturation, pore water pressure buildup and dissipation). Here, we present a spatially distributed and sequentially coupled numerical model to simulate snowmelt-induced slope instabilities at the catchment scale. The model accounts for temperature-dependent changes in the soil hydraulic behavior related to changes in water state by means of a routine implemented in a geographic information system. We verified the performance of the model using a case study of spring snowmelt-induced soil slope failures that occurred after the 2004 Mid-Niigata earthquake in Japan. Considering limitations and simplifications, the model was able to predict the triggering condition, magnitude, and spatial distribution of the snowmelt-induced landslides with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. We believe that the robustness and simplicity of our numerical approach make it suitable for implementation in early warning systems.Plain Language Summary Climate change is responsible for an increasing number of natural disasters in seasonally cold regions, where heavier snowfalls and sudden snowmelts can cause destructive landslides on hill slopes. These landslides are not easy to study because the mechanisms that trigger them are different from those of shallow landslides occurring in response to rainfall. Moreover, advanced models that incorporate the complex relations among rain, snow, temperature, soil freezing, melting, and slope stability at a detailed scale are still cumbersome and very demanding in terms of computational power. For these reasons, evaluating the risk to people and assets in seasonally cold regions is not straightforward, and existing models tend to underestimate it. In this paper, we propose a novel modeling strategy to study the stability of soil slopes under the influence of both snowmelt and rainfall at a regional scale. First, we explain the governing mechanisms of snowmelt-induced landslides; then, we present our strategy along with detailed explanations of the equations we use. We test our model by predicting a known case study (the snowmelt-induced landslides of 2005 in Niigata, Japan) and obtain a reasonably good result. This simple strategy could be applied in an early warning system for snowmelt-induced landslides.

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Herbaceous Vegetation Structure and Phenology at Treeline Ecotone in Relation to Natural Snowmelt

Adhikari

Kumar

2023

Ecology of Himalayan Treeline Ecotone

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Multivariate Relationships between Snowmelt and Plant Distributions in the High Arctic Tundra

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Plant co-occurrence patterns and soil environments associated with three dominant plants in the Arctic

Plant co-occurrence patterns and soil environments associated with three dominant plants in the Arctic

A Sequentially Coupled Catchment‐Scale Numerical Model for Snowmelt‐Induced Soil Slope Instabilities

Herbaceous Vegetation Structure and Phenology at Treeline Ecotone in Relation to Natural Snowmelt

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