Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system

Cloutier, Vincent; Lefebvre, René; Therrien, René; Savard, Martine M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.015

Cited by 607 publications

(318 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…They account for 87.1 % of the total variance in the dataset. To maximize the variance of the first three principal axes, the Varimax normalized rotation was applied (e.g., Adams et al 2001;Aiuppa et al 2003;Cloutier et al 2008). A descriptive term is defined for each of the three components based on their characteristic loadings (Fig.…”

Section: Results Of the Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two multivariate statistical methods were applied in this study using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 17.0) program: the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA). The description of HCA and PCA techniques and the methodology used for their application in ground water composition have been detailed in previous studies (e.g., Stetzenbach et al 2001;Guler et al 2002;Guler and Thyne 2004;Dragon 2006;Helstrup et al 2007;Papatheodorou et al 2007; Van den Brink et al 2007;Cloutier et al 2008;Yidana 2010;Monjerezi et al 2011;Zghibi et al 2014;Dragon and Gorski 2015). In this study, the parameters involved in the statistics include major constituents Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , HCO 3…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standardized data are obtained by subtracting the mean of the distribution from each data and divided by the standard deviation of the distribution, Z i = (X i − mean)/s (Davis 1986). Log transformation of positively skewed chemical parameters as well as data standardization is commonly done in multivariate statistical analysis (Guler et al 2002;Cloutier et al 2008).…”

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have demonstrated that the application of factor analysis (FA) and PCA in regional hydrogeochemical research is a reliable method for differentiation of natural and anthropogenic processes affecting ground water chemistry (Guler and Thyne 2004;Dragon 2006;Cloutier et al 2008;Huang et al 2013;Dragon andGorski 2009, 2015). As demonstrated previously, component 1 is defined as salinity by highly positive loadings in TDS and most parts of major ions (Fig.…”

Section: Identification Of Natural (Geogenic) and Anthropogenic Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Zhu

Wang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Understanding the source and recharge of ground waters is of great significance to our knowledge in hydrological cycles in arid environments over the world. Northern Xinjiang in northwestern China is a significant repository of information relating to the hydrological evolution and climatic changes in central Asia. In this study, two multivariate statistical techniques, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were used to assess the ground water recharge and its governing factors, with the principal idea of exploring the above techniques to utilize all available hydrogeochemical variables in the quality assessment, which are not considered in the conventional techniques like Stiff and Piper diagrams. Q-mode HCA and R-mode PCA were combined to partition the water samples into seven major water clusters (C1-C7) and three principal components (PC1-PC3, PC1 salinity, PC2 hydroclimate, PC3 contaminant). The water samples C1 + C4 were classified as recharge area waters (Ca-HCO 3 water), C2 + C3 as transitional zone waters (Ca-Mg-HCO 3 -SO 4 water), and C5 + C6 + C7 as discharge area waters (Na-SO 4 water). Based on the Q-mode PCA scores, three groups of geochemical processes influencing recharge regimes were identified: geogenic (i.e., caused by natural geochemical processes), geomorphoclimatic (caused by topography and climate), and anthropogenic (caused by ground water contamination). It is proposed that differences in recharge mechanism and ground water evolution, and possible bedrock composition difference, are responsible for the chemical genesis of these waters. These will continue to influence the geochemistry of the northern Xinjiang drainage system for a long time due to its steady tectonics and arid climate. This study proved that the chemistry differentiation of ground water can effectively support the identification of ground water recharge and evolution patterns.

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Section: Results Of the Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Natural (Geogenic) and Anthropogenic Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Zhu

Wang

2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…From 1998From to 2007 wells with mean depth of 6.8 m were installed in the alluvial aquifer of the Forquilha watershed (Burte, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinization mechanisms of a small alluvial aquifer in the semiarid region of northeast Brazil

Almeida

Frischkorn

2015

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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A B S T R A C TThe objective of this research was to identify and quantify the primary processes responsible for the increase in salinity observed in the alluvial aquifer during the dry season. Multivariate statistical analysis and inverse geochemical modeling were used to simulate possible salinization mechanisms in the alluvial aquifer. For this, by quantifying electrical conductivity and the concentrations of the ions Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl -, HCO 3 -and SO 4 2-in waters from the crystalline basement near the study area, water reservoirs near the alluvial aquifer and the studied alluvial aquifer, groups were formed and discriminant analysis was applied. Significance tests showed that direct evaporation has not only an influence on the alluvial aquifer, but also a mean volumetric contribution of 15.8% from waters of the crystalline basement, accompanied by processes of salt dissolution and precipitation, which would also justify the increase in salinity observed in the alluvial aquifer in the dry period.Mecanismos de salinização de um pequeno aquífero aluvial localizado no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro R E S U M O Com o objetivo de identificar e quantificar os principais processos responsáveis pelo aumento da salinidade observada durante o período não chuvoso em um pequeno aquífero aluvial localizado no semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro utilizaram-se a análise estatística multivariada e a modelagem geoquímica inversa para simular prováveis mecanismos de salinização no aquífero; para isto e por meio da quantificação da condutividade elétrica e dos íons Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl -, HCO 3 -e SO 4 2-em amostras de águas do embasamento cristalino próximo à área de estudo, nos reservatórios próximos ao aquífero aluvial e do aquífero aluvial estudado, foram formados grupos e aplicada a análise discriminante. Testes de significância dos resultados demonstraram que a evaporação direta não apenas exerce influência sobre o aquífero aluvial mas ainda tem uma contribuição volumétrica média de 15,8% de águas do cristalino acompanhada de processos de dissolução e precipitação de sais, o que também justificaria o aumento da salinidade no aquífero aluvial no período seco.

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River–groundwater interactions in salmon spawning habitat: riverbed flow dynamics and non‐stationarity in an end member mixing model

Neumann

Curtis

2016

Ecohydrology

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Salmonids commonly spawn in locations of upwelling vertical flow, but it is unclear whether this upwelling water is groundwater, river water which has spent some time flowing through the riverbed before re-emerging downstream or some mixture of the two. Vertical specific discharge and riverbed water chemistry were monitored in spawning habitat of Sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in contiguous natural and modified sections of Okanagan River in southern British Columbia, Canada. A quasi-stationary end member mixing model was developed to describe mixing between end members as well as hydrochemical modification along a subsurface flowpath. For this work, a hydrochemical category called 'hyporheic water' was defined as river water which spent some time flowing within the riverbed and developed a distinct chemistry. The resulting mixing triangle was used to categorise intragravel water chemistry as (1) riverlike, (2) mixed river and regional groundwater, (3) hyporheic water or (4) mixed hyporheic and regional groundwater. Sockeye Salmon spawned in locations with all combinations of vertical specific discharge and intragravel water chemistry, which was interpreted as a high degree of habitat use plasticity. Chinook Salmon redds were more common where regional groundwater mixed with river or hyporheic water in locations with upwelling or near-neutral vertical specific discharge. Current efforts at restoring or enhancing salmonid spawning habitat can be improved by considering the subsurface flow dynamic needs of different target species.

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Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system

Cited by 607 publications

References 21 publications

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Statistical study to identify the key factors governing ground water recharge in the watersheds of the arid Central Asia

Salinization mechanisms of a small alluvial aquifer in the semiarid region of northeast Brazil

River–groundwater interactions in salmon spawning habitat: riverbed flow dynamics and non‐stationarity in an end member mixing model

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