Multivariate statistical analysis to identify the major factors governing groundwater quality in the coastal area of Kimje, South Korea

Kim, Ji Hoon; Kim, Rak-Hyeon; Lee, Jeongho; Cheong, Tae-Jin; Yum, Byoung-Woo; Chang, Ho‐Wan

doi:10.1002/hyp.5565

Cited by 181 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Prior to the analysis, the concentration of each element was standardized using z-score with a mean and a standard deviation equal to 0 and 1, respectively. All the standardized values were confirmed to satisfy the recommended criteria of PCA and HCA such as correlation matrix, determinant, sampling adequacy (Kaiser-MeyerOlkin's test), and sphericity (Bartlett's test) prior to the analysis (Jolliffe 2002;Hinton 2004). HCA used Ward's method (Ward 1963) with squared Euclidean distances for classifying standardized element concentrations and groundwater samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In order to understand the relationship and underlying common characteristics among trace elements, an appropriate data analysis technique is necessary. Multivariate analyses such as factor analysis and/or cluster analysis have been applied extensively to analyze groundwater quality data including major ions (Stetzenbach et al 1999;Kim et al 2005;Lee et al 2008;Shyu et al 2011) and trace elements (Stetzenbach et al 1999;Farnham et al 2003; Koonce et al 2006;Chen et al 2007). These techniques can simplify and clarify the groundwater quality data by reducing a number of variables into a small number of factors, hereby extracting meaningful information regarding the environmental aquatic chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multivariate analysis of trace elements in shallow groundwater in Fuchu in western Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

Thuyet

Saito

et al. 2016

Environ Earth Sci

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A rapid increase in the use of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems for heating and cooling of buildings potentially threatens to harm shallow groundwater quality. As a necessary preliminary step toward evaluating GSHP impact on shallow groundwater quality, this study used multivariate statistical analyses to investigate characteristics of trace elements in groundwater in Fuchu city in western Tokyo Metropolis. Water samples were collected twice a month from two aquifers at 30-and 45-m depths using four observation wells for more than a year. Concentrations of 14 trace elements (Li, B, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sb, and Pb) and Si as well as oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were measured. All elements were under the environmental water quality criteria issued by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. No clear seasonal trends were observed in the concentrations of 15 elements in groundwater. Principal component analyses showed the element properties were well characterized by three principal components (PC). PC1, which represents the more mobile trace elements in the groundwater, consisted of Li, B, Mn, Fe, As, and Si. PC2 included Al, Ni, Cd, and Sb, and represents ORPinsensitive properties. PC3 consisted of Pb, Cu, and Se, which are less mobile in groundwater. Samples collected from the same aquifer had high similarity in distribution and variation of the trace elements. This study proposes a useful statistical platform for assessing future effects of GSHP systems on shallow groundwater quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate analysis of trace elements in shallow groundwater in Fuchu in western Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

Thuyet

Saito

et al. 2016

Environ Earth Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hydrolysis of these acids, dissolution of CO 2 in the water column, and/or oxidation of NH þ 4 ions under oxic conditions by the nitrification processes cause a decrease of water pH values. The latter process demonstrates the lowering of pH in the presence of excess ammonia, which originates from fertilizer industries, manufacturing area, and commercial composites (Kim et al 2005;Singh et al 2004). Furthermore, higher SS load and negative water transparency in the fourth factor may be correlated with resuspended sediments through churning action by wind-induced waves and currents due to the large size and shallowness of Lake Taihu.…”

Section: Spatio-temporal Distribution Of Water Quality Parameters In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between algae and water quality: factors driving eutrophication in Lake Taihu, China

Tang

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Rapid population increase and economic growth in eastern China has lead to the degradation of many water bodies in the region, such as Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake in China. Using data from recent investigations, the correlations between algae (measured as chlorophyll-a) and water quality indices in Lake Taihu were described by multivariate statistical analyses, and the key driving factors for the lake eutrophication were identified by principal component analysis. Results revealed strong spatiotemporal variation in the correlations between algae and water quality indices, suggesting that the limiting factor for the dominant algae growth depends on seasonality and location and it is necessary to reduce both nitrogen and phosphorus inputs for a long-term eutrophication control in this hyper-eutrophic system. Water temperature was another important controlling factor for algal growth in the lake. Using principal component analysis, nutrient contaminations from anthropogenic and natural inputs were identified as the key driving factor for the water quality problems of the lake. Moreover, five principal components were extracted and characterized with high spatial and seasonal variations in Lake Taihu. The key driving factors were believed to influence spatial variations including heavily polluted areas located in the northern and northwestern parts of the lake, where many manufacturing factories were built and wastewater from domestic and industrial plants was discharged. Based on this analysis, attention should be paid to effective land management, industrial wastewater treatment, and macrophytic vegetation restoration to reduce the pollutant loads and improve water quality. Principal component analysis was found to be a useful and effective method to reduce the number of analytical parameters without notably impairing the quality of information in this study.

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“…In recent years, excessive use of groundwater for different purposes has led to its deterioration (Kim et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Carbonate Rock Areas of Korea

Kabir¹,

Park²,

Lee³

2014

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment

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This study was conducted to understand the chemical characteristics of groundwater in carbonate areas of Korea. In this study, data on pH, electric conductivity (EC), Ca , and HCO 3 − were collected from 97 wells which were installed in various carbonate rock regions of Korea. The pH values ranged from 5.7 to 9.9, and the average value was 7.3. The concentration range showed differences between the maximum value of HCO , and HCO 3 − might be not only water-rock interactions, but also irrigation return flow, because many groundwater wells had been developed for irrigation purposes. Subsequently, the influence of agriculture on groundwater chemistry was evaluated using a cumulative plot of SO 4 2− . The threshold value of SO 4 2− calculated from the cumulative frequency curve was 29.2 mg/L. Therefore, 12.4% of all the groundwater wells were affected by agricultural activity.

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Multivariate statistical analysis to identify the major factors governing groundwater quality in the coastal area of Kimje, South Korea

Cited by 181 publications

References 18 publications

Multivariate analysis of trace elements in shallow groundwater in Fuchu in western Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

Multivariate analysis of trace elements in shallow groundwater in Fuchu in western Tokyo Metropolis, Japan

Correlations between algae and water quality: factors driving eutrophication in Lake Taihu, China

Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Carbonate Rock Areas of Korea

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