Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Covalently Modified with Fast Black K

Leventis, Henry C.; Wildgoose, Gregory G.; Davies, Ieuan G.; Jiang, Li; Jones, Timothy G. J.; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1002/cphc.200400536

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(20 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[22][23][24][25][26]28] In addition we have physisorbed a host of small hydrophobic organic molecules onto the surface of graphite powder [31] and also formed agglomerates of MWCNTs consisting of bundles of MWCNTs, % 10 mm in size, running into and throughout an amorphous redox active molecular solid such as 1, 2-napthaquinone and 9, 10-phenanthraquinone [27] Despite the characterisation of these chemically modified graphitic materials revealing that the modifier is always bound to the surface of graphite or MWCNT powder, and the material remains abrasively immobilised onto the surface of the electrode, we frequently observed that these materials exhibited square root of scan rate dependencies of their peak currents. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]31] Herein we seek to explain this, perhaps surprising, phenomenon by noting that in these cases the interfacial kinetics are not controlled by diffusion of a species in solution (the Cottrell model), but by diffusion of charge over the surface of the carbon particles as electrons hop from one chemical moiety attached to the carbon surface to another, as shown in Figure 1. We apply chronoamperometric techniques combined with our newly developed theory and computer simulations to explore this system, rather than only cyclic voltammetry as Amatore used, [20,21] and find that at no point do we observe Cottrellian behaviour with a t À1=2 dependence of current.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Theory of Non‐Cottrellian Diffusion on the Surface of a Sphere or Truncated Sphere

2006

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A method is developed whereby spherical and other particles can be derivatised with electroactive species on their surface and then immobilised on the surface of an electrode. The chronoamperometric and voltammetric responses in the limit of reversible electrode kinetics are modelled using a theory of charge movement over the surface of the spheres where this movement is considered as a diffusional process. The model is extended to include different distributions of sphere radii and to model the scenario of truncated spheres resting on the electrode surface. It is found that a good estimation of the truncation angle can be found by fitting the experimental data with theoretical predictions.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Theory of Non‐Cottrellian Diffusion on the Surface of a Sphere or Truncated Sphere

2006

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the case of immobilized hemispherical dendrimers containing electroactive groups at their surface, Amatore et al observed a linear dependence of peak current with the square root of scan rate in cyclic voltammetry [29,30], and this was explained by charge hopping between the redox sites. For many other cases of functionalized carbon nanotubes (or modified graphite electrodes), Compton et al also identified a square root of scan rate dependency of peak currents [31,32]. These findings have been explained on a theoretical basis by the (non-Cottrellian) propagation of charge on the carbon particle surface [33,34], whereby electrons are assumed to hop from one chemical moiety to another, all being attached to the particle surface, as depicted in Figure 6.7.…”

Section: Theory J183mentioning

confidence: 96%

Solid‐State Electrochemical Reactions of Electroactive Microparticles and Nanoparticles in a Liquid Electrolyte Environment

Hermes

Scholz

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many electrochemical conversions of solid compounds and materials, including for example the corrosion of metals and alloys or the electrochemical conversions of most battery materials, take place within a liquid electrolyte environment, with the classic approach to investigation comprising macro-sized electrodes. However, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of these solid-state electrochemical reactions, the simple technique of immobilizing small amounts of a solid compound/material on an inert electrode surface provides an easy, yet sometimes exclusive, access to their study. In this chapter is presented a survey of the recent developments of this approach, which is referred to as the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIM). Attention is also focused on progress in the field of theoretical descriptions of solid-state electrochemical reactions.

show abstract

“…The electron transfer between the CNT and the aryl diazonium salt triggered the formation of the aryl radicals. Posterior developments allowed performing this reaction in water [62] and to generate highly functionalized carbon nanotubes using micelle-coated CNTs [63,64]. In situ generation of the diazonium salt provided functionalized well-dispersed nanotubes in organic solvents [65,66], in aqueous solutions [67] and in solvent-free conditions [68].…”

Section: Radical Additionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedicine

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nowadays, biomaterials have become a crucial element in numerous biomedical, preclinical, and clinical applications. The use of nanoparticles entails a great potential in these fields mainly because of the high ratio of surface atoms that modify the physicochemical properties and increases the chemical reactivity. Among them, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a powerful tool to improve biomedical approaches in the management of numerous diseases. CNTs have an excellent ability to penetrate cell membranes, and the sp 2 hybridization of all carbons enables their functionalization with almost every biomolecule or compound, allowing them to target cells and deliver drugs under the appropriate environmental stimuli. Besides, in the new promising field of artificial biomaterial generation, nanotubes are studied as the load in nanocomposite materials, improving their mechanical and electrical properties, or even for direct use as scaffolds in body tissue manufacturing. Nevertheless, despite their beneficial contributions, some major concerns need to be solved to boost the clinical development of CNTs, including poor solubility in water, low biodegradability and dispersivity, and toxicity problems associated with CNTs' interaction with biomolecules in tissues and organs, including the possible effects in the proteome and genome. This review performs a wide literature analysis to present the main and latest advances in the optimal design and characterization of carbon nanotubes with biomedical applications, and their capacities in different areas of preclinical research.

show abstract

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Covalently Modified with Fast Black K

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

The Theory of Non‐Cottrellian Diffusion on the Surface of a Sphere or Truncated Sphere

The Theory of Non‐Cottrellian Diffusion on the Surface of a Sphere or Truncated Sphere

Solid‐State Electrochemical Reactions of Electroactive Microparticles and Nanoparticles in a Liquid Electrolyte Environment

Carbon Nanotubes in Biomedicine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About