Multiwell three-dimensional systems enable in vivo screening of immune reactions to biomaterials: a new strategy toward translational biomaterial research

Abstract

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Synthesis and fabrication of films including graphene oxide functionalized with chitosan for regenerative medicine applications

“…Hair recovery and healthy skin are apparent for the biomodels. According to Sarah Al-Maawi et al (2019), ideal cicatrization results after a surgical process with tissue recovering normal homeostasis conditions are present before surgery [49]. Implantation zone (IZ) after trichotomy is shown in Figure 6B, where dry skin, normal appearance, and presence of stitches indicate a normal cicatrization process with the absence of the necrotic zone.…”

“…A biocompatible material is expected to be surrounded by the capsule. If biodegradable, it will be resorbed, which means that the biodegradation/phagocytosis process will co-occur within a cycle with tissue recovering similar to the previous architecture before the surgical procedure lesion [49].…”

Basic Quality Controls Used in Skin Tissue Engineering

“…However, it will not allow to properly identify the lymphocytes (B, T (helper CD4+ and cytotoxic CD8+), natural killers (NKs)) or macrophages types (M1 or M2). The adequate interpretation of HE and immunohistochemical markers will allow to be determined an innate or acute immunological response mediated by neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells and NKs; an adaptive or chronic response from lymphocytes [T and B] and plasma cells; or foreign body reaction of mononuclear cells, macrophages and giant cells to TESSs [48,177,[203][204][205][206]. In addition, it is well-known that macrophages can acquire functionally distinct phenotypes, M1 and M2 macrophages.…”

“…In addition, it is well-known that macrophages can acquire functionally distinct phenotypes, M1 and M2 macrophages. In general, M1 macrophages (express CD80, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, iNOS, TNFα) exhibit strong proinflammatory properties whereas the M2 macrophages (express CD23, CD163, CD206, IL-10, IL-4R, TFGβ) appear to suppress immune surveillance promoting neovascularization [51,204,205].…”

Comparison of Different Fixation Methods for Combined Histological and Biomolecular Analysis of Fixed and Decalcified Bone Samples

“…Basic research studies that investigate bone tissue are mainly performed in preclinical models with standardized design and under controlled conditions [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. This allows the generation of a sufficient sample size and number to perform different evaluation procedures such as histological analysis, determination of different released signaling molecules and characterization of the gene expression profile, hence enabling a deeper analysis in order to understand the mechanisms of bone formation under different conditions [ 5 ].…”