Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005

Gupta, Ravindra; Best, Jennifer M.; MacMahon, Eithne

doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132

Cited by 156 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As expected, the cases occurred in inadequately vaccinated or unvaccinated children [12]. Mumps cases also began rising in 1999 after many years, and by 2005 the UK was in the midst of a mumps epidemic with almost 5000 reports in the first month of 2005 alone [13]. A total of 56,390 notified cases of mumps were reported in England and Wales that year [14].…”

Section: Impact Of the "Mmr Causes Autism" Scarementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines and Autism – An Unlikely Connection

Chatterjee¹,

Moffatt²

2011

Autism - A Neurodevelopmental Journey From Genes to Behaviour

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Section: Impact Of the "Mmr Causes Autism" Scarementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines and Autism – An Unlikely Connection

Chatterjee¹,

Moffatt²

2011

Autism - A Neurodevelopmental Journey From Genes to Behaviour

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“…77 The importance of maintaining a high level of coverage with MMR is further underscored by recent outbreaks of mumps in the United States and other developed countries. 78,79 Future Vaccines Of the Ͼ80 known infectious agents that are pathogenic to humans, there are now Ͼ30 vaccines against 26, mainly viral and bacterial infections. 80,81 Many important vaccines that would likely be recommended for administration during adolescence remain elusive, in part because these vaccines need to stimulate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.…”

Section: Measles-mumps-rubellamentioning

confidence: 99%

New, and Some Not-so-New, Vaccines for Adolescents and Diseases They Prevent

et al. 2008

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Adolescents in the United States now have the opportunity to receive new vaccines that prevent invasive meningococcal infections, pertussis (whooping cough), and cervical cancer. Except for their potential to cause serious illness, these infections could not be more different. Their incidence ranges from extremely low to quite high. Early clinical manifestations of infection range from none to life-threatening illness. Two of the vaccines are similar to those already in use, whereas 1 is completely new. In conjunction with the 4 vaccines previously recommended for adolescents (the tetanus and diphtheria booster, hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella, and varicella), the 3 new vaccines (meningococcal, human papillomavirus, and the tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis booster [which replaced the tetanus-diphtheria booster]) bring the number recommended for adolescents to 6. In this article, we describe key characteristics of the 3 new vaccines and infections they were designed to prevent. We also briefly discuss other vaccines recommended for all adolescents who have not already received them and new vaccines that are still under development. B EFORE 2005, THE only vaccine routinely recommended for healthy adolescents who had received all recommended childhood vaccinations was the tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) booster. 1 Three other vaccines (measles-mumps-rubella [MMR], hepatitis B, and varicella) were used as "catch-up vaccinations" for adolescents who did not receive these vaccines as children (and, in the case of varicella, had not had chickenpox). The second dose of MMR vaccine was first recommended for adolescents by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 1989, 2 whereas hepatitis B and varicella vaccines were first recommended for this age group in 1995 and 1996, respectively. 3,4 These recommendations were consolidated in 1996, when the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), AAP, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American Medical Association harmonized their recommendations. These organizations suggested that the recommended immunizations and other preventive services be delivered at a routine preventive visit at 11 to 12 years of age. 1 Three new vaccines intended primarily for adolescents are now available. The first of these, a new vaccine effective for the prevention of disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis, was licensed in the United States in 2005 and officially recommended for use when the ACIP recommendations were published in May of that year. 5,6 Two vaccines for adolescents, both of which prevent infections with Bordetella pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria, were licensed in May and June of 2005, respectively, and recommendations were published in early 2006. 7 A vaccine that prevents human papillomavirus (HPV), the cause of cervical cancer, was licensed in May 2006, and recommendations for its use were published in March 2007. 8 All the diseases against which these new vaccines offer protection are potentially serious, but the clinical course for each could...

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“…1 The mumps outbreak in [2004][2005] was not attributed to falling rates of MMR vaccination. It particularly affected young people born between 1982 and 1986 who were too young to have been exposed to mumps in early childhood and thereby develop natural immunity, but who were too old to have been adequately vaccinated (Gupta, Best and MacMahon 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Childhood Vaccination be Compulsory in the UK?

Fine-Goulden¹

2010

OPT

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Childhood vaccination is not compulsory in the UK, yet levels of immunisation are generally high. However, recent concern over vaccine safety has lead to undervaccination and an increase in rates of preventable infectious diseases. Compelling parents to vaccinate their children against their will may be acceptable in significant disease outbreaks, but this is not currently ethically justified, due to overall low disease rates in the UK. It is a reasonable argument that all children should be vaccinated for the protection of society; however, vaccination policies outside the UK demonstrate that compulsion does not guarantee high rates of immunisation, and that education and engagement can be highly successful. Most parents in the UK do vaccinate their children, and those who choose not to often have a disproportionate fear of causing harm. A policy of targeted education and support is likely to enhance public trust, as well as be more successful and economical than coercion.

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Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005

Cited by 156 publications

References 21 publications

Vaccines and Autism – An Unlikely Connection

Vaccines and Autism – An Unlikely Connection

New, and Some Not-so-New, Vaccines for Adolescents and Diseases They Prevent

Should Childhood Vaccination be Compulsory in the UK?

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