Mumps Orchitis and Testicular Atrophy. Ii. A Factor in Male Sterility

Werner, Charles A.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-32-6-1075

Cited by 54 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Pubertal mumps orchitis occurs unilaterally in 67% of patients and bilaterally in 33% (76). Testicular atrophy occurs in 36% of those affected bilaterally, whereas infertility occurs in just 13% (77).…”

Section: Etiologies Of Azoospermiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia

Cocuzza¹,

Alvarenga²,

Pagani³

2013

Clinics

224

149

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The misconception that infertility is typically associated with the female is commonly faced in the management of infertile men. It is uncommon for a patient to present for an infertility evaluation with an abnormal semen analysis report before an extensive female partner workup has been performed. Additionally, a man is usually considered fertile based only on seminal parameters without a physical exam. This behavior may lead to a delay in both the exact diagnosis and in possible specific infertility treatment. Moreover, male factor infertility can result from an underlying medical condition that is often treatable but could possibly be life-threatening.The responsibility of male factor in couple's infertility has been exponentially rising in recent years due to a comprehensive evaluation of reproductive male function and improved diagnostic tools. Despite this improvement in diagnosis, azoospermia is always the most challenging topic associated with infertility treatment. Several conditions that interfere with spermatogenesis and reduce sperm production and quality can lead to azoospermia. Azoospermia may also occur because of a reproductive tract obstruction. Optimal management of patients with azoospermia requires a full understanding of the disease etiology. This review will discuss in detail the epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia. A thorough literature survey was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Cochrane databases. We restricted the survey to clinical publications that were relevant to male infertility and azoospermia. Many of the recommendations included are not based on controlled studies.

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Section: Etiologies Of Azoospermiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testicular atrophy occurs in 36% of those affected bilaterally, whereas infertility occurs in just 13% (77). However, prepubertal mumps orchitis has little effect on future fertility (76). Thus, it is important that urologists/andrologists are familiar with the diagnosis, treatment and complications of this condition.…”

Section: Etiologies Of Azoospermiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia

Cocuzza¹,

Alvarenga²,

Pagani³

2013

Clinics

224

149

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“…For example, the evidence that has been obtained regarding the effects of the endocrine system in mediating mumps-related orchitis is conflicting. Although the observed defect in spermatogenesis may be the consequence of a drop in testosterone secretion by Leydig cells, testosterone and gonadotropin FSH and LH levels of adult patients were demonstrated to be decreased, increased, or even to remain normal and only transient changes as a result of mumps orchitis (Werner, 1950;Adamopoulos et al, 1978;Bertschat and Alexander, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered protein prenylation in Sertoli cells is associated with adult infertility resulting from childhood Mumps infection

Wang¹,

Ying²,

Diao³

et al. 2013

J Cell Biol

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Mumps commonly affects children 5-9 yr of age, and can lead to permanent adult sterility in certain cases. However, the etiology of this long-term effect remains unclear. Mumps infection results in progressive degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium and, occasionally, Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Thus, the remaining Sertoli cells may be critical to spermatogenesis recovery after orchitis healing. Here, we report that the protein farnesylation/geranylgeranylation balance is critical for patients' fertility. The expression of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (GGPPS) was decreased due to elevated promoter methylation in the testes of infertile patients with mumps infection history. When we deleted GGPPS in mouse Sertoli cells, these cells remained intact, whereas the adjacent spermatogonia significantly decreased after the fifth postnatal day. The proinflammatory MAPK and NF-B signaling pathways were constitutively activated in GGPPS / Sertoli cells due to the enhanced farnesylation of H-Ras. GGPPS / Sertoli cells secreted an array of cytokines to stimulate spermatogonia apoptosis, and chemokines to induce macrophage invasion into the seminiferous tubules. Invaded macrophages further blocked spermatogonia development, resulting in a long-term effect through to adulthood. Notably, this defect could be rescued by GGPP administration in EMCV-challenged mice. Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which mumps infection during childhood results in adult sterility.

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“…In addition, although early childhood mumps does not appear to affect the testis, after the age of 11 or 12, 30% of male patients who contract mumps develop unilateral orchitis. Bilateral orchitis occurs in approximately 10% of peripubertal and adult males who contract mumps [17]. Unilateral and bilateral orchitis from mumps can cause severe testicular damage.…”

Section: History-taking For the Male Infertility Workupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus Issue on Male Infertility

Kobayashi

Nagao

Nakajima

2012

Advances in Urology

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Male infertility problems can occur when sperms are limited in number or function. In this paper, we describe the clinical evaluation of male infertility. A detailed history, physical examination, and basic semen analysis are required. In addition, ultrasound, karyotyping, and hormonal studies are needed to determine specific causes of infertility. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2009) has developed a manual to provide guidance in performing a comprehensive semen analysis. Among the possible reasons for male infertility, nonobstructive azoospermia is the least treatable, because few or no mature sperm may be produced. In many cases, men with nonobstructive azoospermia typically have small-volume testes and elevated FSH. Although treatment may not completely restore the quality of semen from men with subnormal fertility, in some cases a successful pregnancy can still be achieved through assisted reproductive technology.

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Mumps Orchitis and Testicular Atrophy. Ii. A Factor in Male Sterility

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia

The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia

Altered protein prenylation in Sertoli cells is associated with adult infertility resulting from childhood Mumps infection

Focus Issue on Male Infertility

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