Mumps outbreak investigation in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India, June‐September 2016

Abstract

Mumps, a vaccine-preventable disease, cause inflammation of salivary glands and may cause severe complications, such as encephalitis, meningitis, deafness, and orchitis/oophoritis. In India, mumps vaccine is not included in the universal immunization program and during 2009 to 2014, 72 outbreaks with greater than 1500 cases were reported. In August 2016, a suspected mumps outbreak was reported in Jaisalmer block, Rajasthan. We investigated to confirm the etiology, describe the epidemiology, and recommend prevention and control measures. We defined a case as swelling in the parotid region in a Jaisalmer block resident between 23 June 2016 and 10 September 2016. We searched for cases in health facilities and house-to-house in affected villages and hamlets. We tested blood samples of cases for mumps immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found 162 cases (60% males) with a median age of 9.4 years (range: 7 month-38 years) and 65 (40%) were females. Symptoms included fever (70%) and bilateral swelling in neck (65%). None of them were vaccinated against mumps. Most (84%) cases were school-going children (3–16 years old). The overall attack rate was 2%. Village A, with two hamlets, had the highest attack rate (hamlet 1 = 13% and hamlet 2 = 12%). School A of village A, hamlet 1, which accommodated 200 children in two classrooms, had an attack rate of 55%. Of 18 blood samples from cases, 11 tested positive for mumps IgM ELISA. This was a confirmed mumps outbreak in Jaisalmer block that disproportionately affected school-going children. We recommended continued surveillance, 5-day absence from school, and vaccination.

Comparison of circulation patterns of mumps virus in the Netherlands and Spain (2015–2020)

“…Although many articles reporting MuV strains causing outbreaks in different individual countries were published in recent years (Braeye et al, 2014;Nedeljković et al, 2015;Park, 2015;Indenbaum et al, 2017;Willocks et al, 2017;Veneti et al, 2018;Moghe et al, 2019;el Zarif et al, 2020), studies at larger geographic scales are absent. The aim of the present study was to compare the circulation patterns of MuV in Spain and The Netherlands in a period of 5 years, as a step forward toward the study of broader patterns at European level.…”

Assessment of mumps-containing vaccine effectiveness by dose during 2006 to 2020 in Quzhou, China

“…Mumps incidence declined following widespread vaccination, and many developed countries have experienced a resurgence of mumps cases over the past decade. 2–4 There were 893 mumps outbreak cases reported between 1 March 2015 and 31 December 2016 among the highly vaccinated populations in northern Western Australia. 5 The surveillance data showed that mumps was one of the most common infectious diseases among children aged 0–14 years in Zhejiang Province in 2008–2017.…”