Mumps-Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and the Immunologic Response of Their Offspring

Jm, Aase; Gr, Noren; Dv, Reddy; Jw, Geme

doi:10.1056/nejm197206292862603

Cited by 66 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Schistosome and filarial Ags stimulated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production, but also IFN-␥ release by CBLs while PPD-induced predominantly a IFN-␥ response. Indeed, previous studies show neonates can develop immunologic reactivity in vitro with immunization of pregnant mothers with various vaccines (21-23) or with infections during pregnancy (19,20,24,25) although the type of immune response had not been previously defined. Recent studies in neonatal mice also show that Ag or allogenic lymphocyte exposure does not produce tolerance (45)(46)(47) and the data presented here extends these findings to natural infections in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prenatal exposure to infection or to various Ags does, however, lead to immunologic sensitization in human newborns. Offspring of mothers infected with mumps or toxoplasmosis during pregnancy develop Ag-specific antibody responses and memory T cells (19,20). Immunization of pregnant mothers with tetanus toxoid, streptococcal, or meningococcal vaccines also induces antibody and T cell responses in neonates that persist into childhood (21-23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In utero exposure to helminth and mycobacterial antigens generates cytokine responses similar to that observed in adults.

et al. 1997

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Neonates exposed to parasite antigens (Ags) in utero may develop altered fetal immunity that could affect subsequent responses to infection. We hypothesized that cord blood lymphocytes (CBL) from offspring of mothers residing in an area highly endemic for schistosomiasis, filariasis, and tuberculosis in Kenya would either fail to respond or generate a predominantly Th2-associated cytokine response to helminth and mycobacterial antigens (PPD) in vitro compared to maternal PBMC. Kenyan CBL generated helminth Ag-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero exposure to helminth and mycobacterial antigens generates cytokine responses similar to that observed in adults.

et al. 1997

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“…Additionally, maternal (and hence foetal) exposure to some antigens, such as Toxoplasma, can reportedly induce immunological tolerance in newborns [5]. Conversely, offspring of mothers infected with measles [6], malaria [7] and a range of parasites [2] contain circulatory T-cells that are purportedly responsive to pathogen-derived antigens, although recent evidence (discussed further below) questions the specificity of these neonatal in vitro T-cell responses. However, studies on congenital cytomegalovirus infection [8] have convincingly demonstrated specific priming of stable major histocompatability complex class I restricted CD8+ T-cell memory in the foetal compartment, indicating that antigenic stimuli of sufficient strength and/or persistence is capable of bypassing whatever functional deficiencies exist within the foetal immune system, and in doing so can trigger adult equivalent immunity.…”

Section: Immune Competence During Foetal Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental factors as determinants of risk for infections and atopy in childhood: FIGURE 1.

Holt¹

2005

Eur Respir Rev

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The nature of the relationship between infections and allergy in children continues to be the subject of vigorous debate, in particular the issue of whether the increased frequency of wheezing respiratory infections in children is a cause or a consequence of atopy.Recent evidence suggests a subtle twist to this argument, notably that the genetic risk for susceptibility to both atopy and respiratory infections may involve a common set of genetic variations related to the efficiency of maturation of immune function in early post-natal life.

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“…This defense lines are accidentally broken by the factor listed in this figure. effectiveness has been suggested even if the short duration hot-springs hydrotherapy. We examined the effect of hot spring hydrotherapy for a short duration on immune system and reported about the quantitative and qualitative variation of immuno-competent cells [11]- [14]. The mechanism is suggested the association with an autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system.…”

Section: The Urgent Need For Qol Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspect of QOL Assessment and Proposed New Scale for Evaluation

Yamaguchi¹,

Arai²,

Murayama³

2015

OJI

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According to the reports from Ministry of Health in each country, the average life span is elongated over the past decade. This trend is expected to be keeping constant further in the future and at the same time continued efforts should be made. Next, it is necessary for us to consent about improving the quality of life. In an effort of improving the quality of life, other than the western medicine, we have attempted to introduce many traditional medical practices, including the oriental medicine, from various parts of the world into the medical field as a complementary & alternative medicine (CAM). Judging both positive and negative aspects by the evaluation standard of the Western medicine, we try to obtain numerical aspects in termed of QOL. Some methods of alternative medicine involved in this review are acupuncture, moxibustion, TCM and other traditional medicine. Above all, WHO suggests selecting the suzerain nation of acupuncture moxibustion, which has been developed in the oriental countries as a specialized cure, by identifying merits & demerits and ascertaining which nation can be a the best model for special field. At the moment for evaluating CAM, for example, what kind of methods is/are suitable for evaluating each CAM. We have been trying to propose the peripheral leukocyte, that is one of the best marker for evaluating CAM. Our trial is a hot spring hydrotherapy, acupuncture and moxibution, light exercise and Ondle/floor heating etc. In these trials, we find the common results from leukocyte effects which exhibit a strong correlation for the regulation in number and function, as a new scale for evaluating QOL. The contents are the result from the data showing the much in number of volunteer tend to down regulate, on the other hand, lower number of volunteer is up-regulated at next day by each menu of CAM as a constitution dependent manner. However, even in western medical methodology, double blind and cross over system are the better way to evaluation even in CAM. The responsibility in human to each CAM therapy is different in individually, so to say according to constitution. In other words, there are so many vectors within the group, including at least three * Corresponding author. N. Yamaguchi et al. 148groups, up-regulating, down regulating and stand stilled one. So we have no positive results by the method by sum-up and made mean. According to this system, individual vector is cancelled each other and real effect is not exhibited as a final result. So, we would like to present more smart way to access the efficacy for CAM menu. That is trial to plot each individual effect on the linear function and making slant/co-efficiency that plot each variable vector which is derived from the relative value compared to that of the day before. This procedure is easy to compare between each impact to the volunteer. We would like to propose this evaluation system as Super Constitution System: SCS. This kind of regulation showed within a 24 hours, for the leukocyte subsets, granulocyte and lymphocyte...

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Mumps-Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and the Immunologic Response of Their Offspring

Cited by 66 publications

References 18 publications

In utero exposure to helminth and mycobacterial antigens generates cytokine responses similar to that observed in adults.

In utero exposure to helminth and mycobacterial antigens generates cytokine responses similar to that observed in adults.

Developmental factors as determinants of risk for infections and atopy in childhood: FIGURE 1.

Aspect of QOL Assessment and Proposed New Scale for Evaluation

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