2009
DOI: 10.1093/aler/ahp013
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Municipal Bond Ratings and Citizens' Rights

Abstract: Municipal bond ratings are designed to tell investors the likelihood that different municipal bonds will default, but they also are of interest to the public because they alter the cost of public infrastructure. Nevertheless, bond ratings are not regulated. This paper explores the possibility that municipal bond ratings involve behavior analogous to redlining, which is a type of discrimination against people who live in places with a high minority composition. Drawing on our civil rights laws, the paper develo… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 33 publications
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“…Later, Ely, Martell andKioko (2013), Johnson, Kioko andHildreth (2012) and Schelker (2012) add that the size and transparency of debt issued, financial statement information, and state auditor term length and limits have a significant impact on long-term debt ratings. Other studies confirm that credit rating agencies pay attention to management quality (Denison, Yan & Zhao 2007;Zhao & Guo, 2011); political stability (Kruger & Walker 2008); and citizens' right laws (Yinger, 2010) when determining credit rates.…”
Section: Public Sector Capital Management: Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…Later, Ely, Martell andKioko (2013), Johnson, Kioko andHildreth (2012) and Schelker (2012) add that the size and transparency of debt issued, financial statement information, and state auditor term length and limits have a significant impact on long-term debt ratings. Other studies confirm that credit rating agencies pay attention to management quality (Denison, Yan & Zhao 2007;Zhao & Guo, 2011); political stability (Kruger & Walker 2008); and citizens' right laws (Yinger, 2010) when determining credit rates.…”
Section: Public Sector Capital Management: Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…While federal action has prompted new areas of scholarship, the lack of federal preemption remains the focus of research. Yinger () tackles the issue of municipal bond ratings and the Credit Rating Agency Reform Act (CRARA) of 2006's express prohibition of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and states from regulating “the substance of credit ratings or the procedures and methodologies by which any nationally recognized statistical rating organization determines credit ratings.” Yinger's research suggested that municipal bond ratings agencies might be discriminating against municipalities with particular racial or ethnic compositions. A practice, which Yinger emphasizes, does not violate existing civil rights law and is not remediable by the SEC because of CRARA.…”
Section: Law and Public Policy Scholarship In Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL COLABORATIVO Descentralizando poder, competencias y recursos bonos americano es que dicho instrumento está sujeto a una medición de riesgo por parte de empresas especializadas, siendo las más importantes Fitch, Moody y Standard and Poor (Yinger 2010). El ranking de riesgo así estimado es de gran utilidad para los inversionistas, toda vez que permite evaluar la disponibilidad a pagar la deuda por parte de la entidad emisora.…”
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