Municipal sewage sludge application on Ohio farms: Tissue metal residues and infections

Supercritical Water Gasification of Municipal Sludge: A Novel Approach to Waste Treatment and Energy Recovery

“…Heavy metals ubiquitously entrained in sludge pose serious and well-documented public health and environmental risks (Babel & del Mundo Dacera, 2006;Bag et al, 1999;Beauchesne et al, 2007;Dimitriou et al, 2006;Fjällborg et al, 2005;Fytianos et al, 1998;Goyal et al, 2003;Hooda, 2003;Kidd et al, 2007;McBride, 2003;Pathak et al, 2009;Reddy et al, 1985;Sánchez-Martín et al, 2007;USEPA, 2009). The EPA, however, limits sludge regulations to only ten (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc) of the high-risk, hazardous, bioaccumulating, and leaching metals (Babel & del Mundo Dacera, 2006;Dean & Suess, 1985;Harrison et al, 1999;McBride, 2003;Pathak et al, 2009;Sánchez-Martín et al, 2007;USEPA, 2002bUSEPA, , 2009).…”

Gasification for Practical Applications

“…Heavy metals ubiquitously entrained in sludge pose serious and well-documented public health and environmental risks (Babel & del Mundo Dacera, 2006;Bag et al, 1999;Beauchesne et al, 2007;Dimitriou et al, 2006;Fjällborg et al, 2005;Fytianos et al, 1998;Goyal et al, 2003;Hooda, 2003;Kidd et al, 2007;McBride, 2003;Pathak et al, 2009;Reddy et al, 1985;Sánchez-Martín et al, 2007;USEPA, 2009). The EPA, however, limits sludge regulations to only ten (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc) of the high-risk, hazardous, bioaccumulating, and leaching metals (Babel & del Mundo Dacera, 2006;Dean & Suess, 1985;Harrison et al, 1999;McBride, 2003;Pathak et al, 2009;Sánchez-Martín et al, 2007;USEPA, 2002bUSEPA, , 2009.…”