Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Management: The World Scenario

Karak, Tanmoy; Bhagat, R.M.; Bhattacharyya, Pradip

doi:10.1080/10643389.2011.569871

Cited by 467 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…For example, the anticipated collection efficiency for waste paper in 1980 was 92% (Erokhin, 1977). Furthermore, there is a paucity of peer-reviewed literature on solid waste management for the region, particularly in the English language (Hunsicker et al, 1996;Kalyuzhnyi, 2008;Kalyuzhnyi et al, 2003;Karak et al, 2012;Rodionov and Nakata, 2011); there is little more available elsewhere (Antadze, 2004;Chalmin and Gaillochet, 2008;Martin, 2011;Vermenicheva et al, 1999;Wilson et al, 2005;World Bank, 2007). Waste disposal was carried out at minimum cost with little priority given to environmental protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste management and recycling in the former Soviet Union: The City of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)

et al. 2013

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The UN-Habitat Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) benchmarking methodology was applied to profile the physical and governance features of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the former Soviet Union city of Bishkek, capital of the Kyrgyz Republic. Most of the ISWM indicators were in the expected range for a low-income city when compared with 20 reference cities. Approximately 240,000 t yr(-1) of MSW is generated in Bishkek (equivalent to 200 kg capita(-1) yr(-1)); collection coverage is over 80% and 90% of waste disposed goes to semi-controlled sites operating with minimal environmental standards. The waste composition was a distinctive feature, with relatively high paper content (20-27% wt.) and intermediate organic content (30-40% wt.). The study provides the first quantitative estimates of informal sector recycling, which is currently unrecognised by the city authorities. Approximately 18% wt. of generated MSW is recycled, representing an estimated annual saving to the city authorities of US$0.7-1.1 million in avoided collection/disposal costs. The waste management system is controlled by a centralised municipal waste enterprise (Tazalyk); therefore, institutional coherence is high relative to lower-middle and low-income cities. However, performance on other governance factors, such as inclusivity and financial sustainability, is variable. Future priorities in Bishkek include extending collection to unserved communities; improving landfill standards; increasing recycling rates through informal sector cooperation; improving data availability; and engaging all stakeholders in waste management strategy decisions. Extending the scope and flexibility of the ISWM protocol is recommended to better represent the variation in conditions that occur in waste management systems in practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste management and recycling in the former Soviet Union: The City of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)

et al. 2013

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“…Per capita data are widely used to compare the intensity of MSW generation among different places [14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Overview Of Global Data On Msw Generation Per Capitamentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting estimates of municipal solid waste generation per capita and their reliability

Kawai

Tasaki

2015

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

238

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Per capita municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, a core indicator of environmental pressure, is a useful measure for evaluating the intensity of waste generation over time and comparing the intensities among cities or countries. We provide an overview of global data on MSW generation per capita at the national and local levels. Although the legal definition of MSW varies from country to country, we conceptualize MSW simply as the waste managed by or for municipalities as a public service. We note the current challenges in estimating MSW generation per capita in developing countries, including a lack of equipment (e.g., weighbridges), lower rates of MSW collection efficiency, and rural-urban migration, all of which may have negative effects on data reliability. Incomplete data compilation systems at the national level also result in lower reliability and reduce the comparability of national data. We suggest technical solutions for estimating MSW generation per capita at the local and national levels to improve reliability and comparability of data.

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“…One of the main environmental concerns today is pollution caused by population growth and the industrial activities aimed at meeting this growing demand, which have led to the emergence of new patterns of consumption and resulted in the production of huge quantities of solid waste [1] that is often discarded in landfills. This form of solid waste disposal is common and widespread, due to its simplicity and low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landfill Leachate Treatment by Combining Coagulation and Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Techniques

et al. 2019

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This paper presents and discusses the results obtained in the treatment of raw landfill leachate (RLL) with a combination of coagulation-flocculation (Alum) and electrochemical techniques, using a filter-press reactor with a boron-doped diamond electrode. The success of the treatment was demonstrated by the quality of the treated water, which was evaluated based on parameters such as color, odor, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, free and total chlorine, total nitrite and nitrate, ammonia and microbiological tests (mesophiles and termotolerant coliforms). The best conditions for coagulation-flocculation involved a dosage of 20 mL/L Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (50 g/L) at pH 6.0. To reduce energy consumption, the electrochemical treatments were carried out by applying different limiting current density (i lim ) step sequences. This strategy reduced the energy consumed in the removal of the organic load by up to 40 % while maintaining a similarly effective mineralization rate (> 90 % COD removal) between the steps. Microbiological tests revealed that the number of mesophiles was more than twelve orders of magnitude lower after electrolysis, indicating the important sanitizing effect caused by the HClO/chloramine species generated in the process. Color, turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen were completely eliminated from the treated leachate by the end of the electrolysis process.[a] M.

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Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Composition, and Management: The World Scenario

Cited by 467 publications

References 243 publications

Waste management and recycling in the former Soviet Union: The City of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)

Waste management and recycling in the former Soviet Union: The City of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)

Revisiting estimates of municipal solid waste generation per capita and their reliability

Landfill Leachate Treatment by Combining Coagulation and Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Techniques

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