Muography as a new tool to study the historic earthquakes recorded in ancient burial mounds

Tanaka, Hiroyuki; Sumiya, Kenji; Oláh, L.

doi:10.5194/gi-9-357-2020

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…(2) COSMOCAT can deliver the same numerical sequences of TRNs between the aboveground facility and a concealed underground vault. Cosmic-ray muons are penetrative, and they have been applied to imaging gigantic objects such as volcanoes 11 , ocean 12 , cyclones 13 , tectonics 14 , earthquake retrodiction 15 , Egyptian pyramids 16 , the Great Wall of China 17 as well as underground/underwater positioning 18 and navigation 19 , precise time synchronization 20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic coding and transfer storage (COSMOCATS) for invincible key storage

Tanaka

2023

Preprint

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Thus far, a perfectly secure encryption key storage system doesn't exist. As long as key storage is connected to a network system, there is always a chance that it can be cracked. Even if storage is not continually connected to a network system; it is repeatedly necessary for an individual to access storage to upload and download the data; hence there is always a loophole with every conventional encryption key storage system. By utilizing the penetrative nature of cosmic-ray muons, the COSMOCAT (Cosmic coding and transfer) technique may tackle this problem by eliminating the requirement for any network connection to data storage. COSMOCAT was invented for post quantum key generation and distribution technique for wireless near field communication. However, in its first stage of development, COSMOCAT relied on standard comparators and Global Positioning System (GPS) or other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for key generation. Temporal jitters of the signals outputted from comparators and frequency fluctuations in GPS-disciplined oscillators degraded the key strength and the efficiency of both the key generation and distribution. New strategies are tested in this paper to improve these factors. As a result, the key strength and the key authenticating rate limit are respectively improved by 4 orders of magnitude and more than 5 orders of magnitude. As a consequence, it has become possible to propose a practical methodology for a new key storage and authentication which has the potential to be an impregnable defense against any kind of cyber/physical attack to data storage. Practical applications of COSMOCATS-based symmetric-key cryptosystems to an electronic digital signing system are discussed by introducing, as an example, a system for cryptocurrency implementation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic coding and transfer storage (COSMOCATS) for invincible key storage

Tanaka

2023

Preprint

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“…As demonstrated by Figure 5, geoscience-associated publications are currently only a small part of the spectrum of applicationoriented publications. Indeed, many publications describe the application of muography in as varied applications as border control and cargo tomography [31,32,33], imaging of spent nuclear waste and nuclear reactors [34,35,36,37], and archaeology and architecture [12,38,39,40,41,42]. Authors participating in research topics pointed out above are typically a mix of muography old-timers and end-users, such as civil engineers, geologists, mining engineers, archaeologists, and entrepreneurs of various backgrounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Publishing Muography Related Research: The Situation at the End of 2020

Holma¹,

Kuusiniemi²,

Joutsenvaara³

2022

JAIS

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Cosmic-ray muography is a novel method for density characterization of gaseous, solid, and liquid materials in various dimensions and with numerous distinct technologies. The number of applications of muography is on a constant rise, as is also the number of authors, affiliations, journals, publishers, funding agencies, and countries that can be related to muography literature. We have applied the Web of Science global citation database to collect statistics of muography-related publications to draw a snapshot of where muography was at the end of 2020, how it got there, and where the current trends may get it in the future.

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“…Consequently, they can travel more than 15 km before reaching sea level. The cosmic-ray muon's heavy mass and their relativistic nature enable us to use muons for many purposes including: positioning 17 , navigation 18 and timing 15 (PNT) signals and also as radiographic probes to visualize volcanoes 19 , past earthquakes 20 , cultural heritage 21 , tsunami 22 , and tropic cyclones 23 . The muon's velocity is almost constant since it has a very small dependence on γ (for γ>>1) such that:…”

Section: Ctc Uses Cosmic Ray Muons As Calibration Signals To Correct ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cosmic Time Calibrator for Wireless Sensor Network

Tanaka

2023

Preprint

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Time synchronization of the sensor nodes is a critical function for optimal operation of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Since clocks incorporated into each node tend to drift, recurrent corrections are required. Most of these correction schemes involve clients periodically receive RF timing signals from a time server. However, an RF-based scheme is prone to glitches or failure unless operating in a region with almost entirely unobstructed space; hence it only operates well in a limited range of environments. For example, GPS requires open-sky environments. Moreover, the precision of land-based RF schemes is limited to a few micro seconds. In this work, we report on a more versatile and new type of recurrent clock resynchronization scheme called cosmic time calibrator (CTC) and its development and testing. CTC utilizes cosmic-ray muon signals instead of RF signals. Muons are penetrative and continuously precipitating onto the Earth’s surface, and they tend to travel linearly through encountered matter at approximately a speed of light in a vacuum. Therefore, muons themselves can periodically transfer the precise timing information from node to node; hence, the performance of the inter-nodal communication devise such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth is minimized/unnecessary for an online/offline WSN analysis. The experimental results have indicated that a resynchronization frequency and precision of 60 Hz and ±4.3 ns (S.D.) can be achieved. Modelling work of the WSN-based structural health monitoring of aerospace structures has shown that CTC can contribute to the development of new critical and useful applications of WSN in a wider range of environments.

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Muography as a new tool to study the historic earthquakes recorded in ancient burial mounds

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Cosmic coding and transfer storage (COSMOCATS) for invincible key storage

Cosmic coding and transfer storage (COSMOCATS) for invincible key storage

Trends in Publishing Muography Related Research: The Situation at the End of 2020

Cosmic Time Calibrator for Wireless Sensor Network

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