Muon density measurements with the KASCADE central detector

Antoni, T.; Apel, W. D.; Badea, F.; Bekk, K.; Bernlöhr, K.; Blümer, H.; Bollmann, E.; Bozdog, H.; Brâncuş, I.M.; Büttner, C.; Chilingarian, A.; Daumiller, K.; Döll, P.; Engler, J.; Feßler, F.; Gils, H.J.; Glasstetter, R.; Haeusler, R.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Holst, T.; Hörandel, J. R.; Kampert, Karl-Heinz; Kempa, J.; Klages, H. O.; Knapp, J.; Köhler, K.; Maier, G.; Mathes, H.J.; Mayer, H.J.; Milke, J.; Müller, M. A.; Oehlschläger, J.; Petcu, M.; Rebel, H.; Risse, M.; Roth, M.; Schatz, G.; Scholz, J.; Sokhoyan, S. H.; Thouw, T.; Ulrich, H.; Vulpescu, B.; Weber, J.H.; Wentz, J.; Wochele, J.; Zabierowski, J.; Zagromski, S.

doi:10.1016/s0927-6505(01)00120-7

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this scenario, the spectrum of each individual element in primary cosmic rays would show a "cutoff" at a characteristic momentum with a linear dependence on the atomic number Z. These models appear to be confirmed by experimental data that show a "knee" at 3 ÷ 5 × 10 15 eV presumably due to light primary masses cutoff [8,9] and, very recently, another at 8 × 10 16 eV attributed to heavy primary nuclei [10]. Therefore, the observed inclusive spectrum would be the superposition of individual spectra, weighted with the relative abundances of the elements in the flux of the primaries and the knee would reflect the different composition of cosmic rays.…”

Section: Cosmic Rays Elemental Compositionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Multi messenger astronomy and CTA: TeV cosmic rays and electrons

Picozza

Boezio

2013

Astroparticle Physics

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Cosmic rays are a sample of solar, galactic and extragalactic matter. Their origin and properties are one of the most intriguing question in modern astrophysics. The most energetic events and active objects in the Universe: supernovae explosion, pulsars, relativistic jets, active galactic nuclei, have been proposed as sources of cosmic rays although unambiguous evidences have still to be found. Electrons, while comprising ~1% of the cosmic radiation, have unique features providing important information regarding the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy that is not accessible from the study of the cosmic-ray nuclear components due to their differing energy-loss processes. In this paper we will analyse, discussing the experimental uncertainties and challenges, the most recent measurements on cosmic-ray nuclei and, in particular, electrons with energies from tens of GeV into the TeV region.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figure, to appear in Astroparticle Physics as a special issue on CT

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Section: Cosmic Rays Elemental Compositionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Multi messenger astronomy and CTA: TeV cosmic rays and electrons

Picozza

Boezio

2013

Astroparticle Physics

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“…Whereas at the knee the spectrum steepens (∆γ = − 0.3-0.4), the ankle is characterized by a flattening of the spectrum (∆γ = + 0.3-0.4). The KAS-CADE experiment has shown that the knee is due to a distinct decrease in the flux of primaries with light mass (Z < 6) [1,2]. Many astrophysical models commenting on the origin of the knee assume a dependence of such break-offs ('knees') on the charge of the primary nuclei [3,4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, our strategy is to separate the measured EAS in electron-poor and electron-rich events as representatives of the heavy and light primary mass groups, similar to the analysis presented in Ref. [1]. The shape and structures of the resulting energy spectra of these individual mass groups are much less affected by the differences of the various hadronic interaction models than the relative abundance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kneelike Structure in the Spectrum of the Heavy Component of Cosmic Rays Observed with KASCADE-Grande

Wd¹,

Arteaga-Velázquez²,

Bekk³

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. Lett.

185

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We report the observation of a steepening in the cosmic ray energy spectrum of heavy primary particles at about 8×10(16) eV. This structure is also seen in the all-particle energy spectrum, but is less significant. Whereas the "knee" of the cosmic ray spectrum at 3-5×10(15) eV was assigned to light primary masses by the KASCADE experiment, the new structure found by the KASCADE-Grande experiment is caused by heavy primaries. The result is obtained by independent measurements of the charged particle and muon components of the secondary particles of extensive air showers in the primary energy range of 10(16) to 10(18) eV. The data are analyzed on a single-event basis taking into account also the correlation of the two observables.

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“…The matter was resolved, very elegantly, by the KASCADE group who exploited their ability to measure the muon and electron content of showers accurately above ~0.4 PeV. Their results, for two muon energy-thresholds, are shown in figure 6 where the flux of showers that are electron rich (those produced by low mass primaries) are compared with the spectrum of all showers and that of showers that are poor in electrons (heavy primaries) [19]. Fig.…”

Section: 2: the Energy Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 6: The number spectra of muons from KASCADE [19] This beautiful technique has also been applied to data from the KASCADE-Grande project: the results are shown in figure 7 [20a, b].…”

Section: 2: the Energy Spectrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Conclusions about properties of high-energy cosmic-rays drawn with limited recourse to hadronic models

Watson

2017

Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceedings

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Determining the energy and mass of the highest energy cosmic rays requires knowledge of features of particle interactions at energies beyond those reached at the LHC. Inadequacies of the model predictions set against a variety of data are summarised and it is clear that firm statements about primary mass are premature. Nonetheless, conclusions of significance about the origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays can be deduced from the data. This paper is dedicated to my great friend and colleague, Jim Cronin, who died suddenly on 25 August 2016, without whom the Auger Collaboration would not have happened.

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Muon density measurements with the KASCADE central detector

Cited by 59 publications

References 13 publications

Multi messenger astronomy and CTA: TeV cosmic rays and electrons

Multi messenger astronomy and CTA: TeV cosmic rays and electrons

Kneelike Structure in the Spectrum of the Heavy Component of Cosmic Rays Observed with KASCADE-Grande

Conclusions about properties of high-energy cosmic-rays drawn with limited recourse to hadronic models

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