Murine model of pulmonary mucormycosis in cortisone-treated mice

Waldorf, Alayn R.; Halde, Carlyn; Vedros, Neylan A.

doi:10.1080/00362178285380321

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There are a variety of studies, however, with conflicting data to explain the apparent propensity of diabetics to develop mucormycotic infections (3)(4)(5). Numerous animal models using various predisposing agents and routes of inoculation have been used (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Often these models resulted in susceptibility to a variety of opportunistic organisms and differed markedly from mucormycosis, which typically occurs in uncontrolled human diabetics (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specific susceptibility to mucormycosis in murine diabetes and bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus.

Waldorf¹,

Ruderman²,

Diamond³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

200

149

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Abstract. To assess the influence of diabetes mellitus in predisposing to pulmonary mucormycosis, a murine model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used. Intranasal inoculation of Rhizopus oryzae into diabetic mice resulted in mucormycotic infection with histopathology resembling pulmonary mucormycosis observed in humans. There was no mortality nor infection in inoculated normal mice. Diabetic mice had fatal infections caused by R. oryzae but significantly reduced mortality following inoculation with Aspergillus fumigatus. These findings reflect the specific enhanced susceptibility to mucormycosis observed in human diabetics.Normal bronchoalveolar macrophages formed part of an efficient defense against R. oryzae by inhibiting germination, the critical step in the conversion of R. oryzae to its tissue invasive phase. Bronchoalveolar macrophages inhibited spore germination in vitro and appeared to help prevent germination in vivo. In contrast, spore germination occurred in diabetic mice following intranasal inoculation. Diabetic bronchoalveolar macrophages had a decreased ability to attach to hyphae. In diabetic mice, bronchoalveolar macrophages could damage spores or hyphae of R. oryzae, but serum factors appeared to both promote spore germination and impair attachment of macrophages to spores. This murine model ofdiabetes mellitus provides an opportunity for evaluation of the relative importance of cell and serum-mediated host factors in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis.Portions of this work were presented at a meeting of the American

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…spore and conidia harvesting ( 17). Viability counts for the production of inocula were determined on Sabouraud's agar (12). Hyphae were obtained by incubating R. oryzae spores in Sabouraud's broth at 370C for 5-6 h until .90-95% of the spores germinated to .30 Am in length as in our previous studies (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific susceptibility to mucormycosis in murine diabetes and bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus.

Waldorf¹,

Ruderman²,

Diamond³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

200

149

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show abstract

“…Moreover, culturing these organisms from a potentially infected site is rarely sufficient to establish the diagnosis of zygomycosis because the causative organism is ubiquitous, may colonize nonsymptomatic people and is a relatively frequent laboratory contaminant (Spellberg et al, 2005). Since the fungus can also be killed during processing of a specimen for culture (Waldorf et al, 1982), a sterile culture does not rule out infection. Therefore, the diagnosis is made by biopsy of infected tissue; in this case, this also revealed ribbon-like aseptate hyphal elements with irregular branching.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis with pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-HIV-infected patient: an unusual case report from India

Malhotra

Duggal

Bhatia

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Zygomycosis and aspergillosis are two serious opportunistic fungal infections that are commonly seen in immunocompromised patients. Since both these fungi invade vessels of the arterial system, an early and rapid diagnosis by direct examination of KOH mounts of the relevant clinical sample can confirm the diagnosis. Here, we present an unusual case of a diabetic patient who presented with nasal blockade and bleeding for 2 months, along with occasional haemoptysis for 15 days. On investigation, the patient was diagnosed with a case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis and was treated with amphotericin B (1 mg kg−1 day−1), which was subsequently replaced with liposomal amphotericin B (2 mg kg−1 day−1). However, the patient did not completely respond to therapy as haemoptysis continued. Further investigations revealed the presence of Aspergillus flavus in respiratory specimens. Thus, a final diagnosis of rhinocerebral zygomycosis with pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-HIV-infected patient was made, but due to infection of two vital sites by these fungi, the patient could not be saved.

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“…Culturing organisms from an infected site is rarely sufficient to establish the diagnosis because the causative agent is ubiquitous, may colonize normal persons, and is a relatively frequent laboratory contaminant. In addition, the organism may be killed during tissue grinding, 14 which is routinely used to process tissue specimens for culture. There are no reliable serologic, …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zygomycotic necrotizing fasciitis in immunocompetent patients: a series of 18 cases

et al. 2006

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Necrotizing fasciitis is most often associated with bacterial infections. Zygomycosis is an uncommon infection causing necrotizing fasciitis. We report 18 such cases of zygomycotic necrotizing fasciitis, of these, 15 were immunocompetent. Of the eight cases cultured, five were positive for Apophysomyces elegans. A retrospective case review conducted at a tertiary referral center, from 1998 to 2004, 18 cases of fungal necrotizing fasciitis were diagnosed based on histomorphology of fungal organisms; and in few of the cases diagnosis was supported by mycologic culture reports. Of the total of 18 cases, culture report was available in eight cases, and out of which five of them grew A. elegans. Fifteen patients were immunocompetent. Clinical presentation, mycologic findings and histopathologic results were evaluated. A review of the literature pertaining to A. elegans infection was also done. Histopathologic examination showed broad, predominantly aseptate and occasional pauciseptate, thin-walled fungal hyphae with occasional angioinvasion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first largest series of zygomycotic necrotizing fasciitis from India. Herein, we present data on 18 cases of necrotizing fasciitis assosiated with zygomycosis. Most of the cases in our series were immunocompetent. Nonsuppurative necrosis with presence of typical fungal profiles was important histologic feature. Zygomycosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis not only in immunocompromised patients but also in the absence of any underlying disorders.

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Murine model of pulmonary mucormycosis in cortisone-treated mice

Cited by 44 publications

References 16 publications

Specific susceptibility to mucormycosis in murine diabetes and bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus.

Specific susceptibility to mucormycosis in murine diabetes and bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus.

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis with pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-HIV-infected patient: an unusual case report from India

Zygomycotic necrotizing fasciitis in immunocompetent patients: a series of 18 cases

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