Murine retroviruses use at least six different receptors for entry into Mus dunni cells

Abstract

Murine retroviruses have been divided into six interference groups that use different receptors for cell entry: the ecotropic, xenotropic, polytropic, amphotropic, 10A1, and Mus dunni endogenous virus groups. Some interference is observed between xenotropic and polytropic viruses and between amphotropic and 10A1 viruses, indicating some overlap in receptor specificity between these groups, but otherwise these interference groups appear completely independent. In contrast, one study found interference among many of these groups when Mus dunni wild mouse cells were examined with an immunofluorescence assay to detect infection by the challenge virus. Here we have used a more direct assay for cell entry by using pseudotyped retroviral vectors to measure interference in M. dunni cells, and we find no evidence for extensive interference between members of different murine retrovirus groups. Indeed, our results in M. dunni cells are consistent with interference results observed in other cell types and indicate that the anomalous interference results previously observed in M. dunni cells with the immunofluorescence assay were most likely due to factors other than those that affect receptor-mediated virus entry. In summary, our results show that murine retroviruses use at least six different receptors for entry into M. dunni cells.

Infectious Clones and Vectors Derived from Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Serotypes Other Than AAV Type 2

“…The unique transducing properties of each vector serotype can be explained by the use of distinct receptor molecules present at different levels in each cell line. A similar phenomenon occurs with retroviral vectors, where the host range of different vector pseudotypes is largely determined by the expression level of the particular receptor used (36).…”

A Sodium-Dependent Neutral-Amino-Acid Transporter Mediates Infections of Feline and Baboon Endogenous Retroviruses and Simian Type D Retroviruses

“…A related protein, Pit2, functions as a receptor for amphotropic MLV and 10A1 MLV (23,24,41,42). Xenotropic and polytropic MLVs cross-interfere in some cells (5,22). Recently, a human cDNA that encodes the receptor for xenotropic/polytropic MLVs was cloned, and its normal cellular function is being investigated (34).…”

Entry of Amphotropic Murine Leukemia Virus Is Influenced by Residues in the Putative Second Extracellular Domain of Its Receptor, Pit2

“…Among the murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) there are now six different classes identified based on receptor usage, including ecotropic (E-MuLV), amphotropic (A-MuLV), xenotropic, dualtropic (mink cell focus-forming virus), 10A1-MuLV, and the recently identified (4) Mus dunni endogenous virus. MuLVs belonging to each receptor class use discrete receptors for viral entry into mouse cells except 10A1-MuLV, which can use two different receptors (14,19), one of which is also used by A-MuLVs. The E-MuLV receptor was the first of the murine type C retrovirus receptors to be identified and has been shown to be a multimembrane-spanning amino acid transporter (2).…”