Murine typhus in children: clinical and laboratory features from 41 cases in Crete, Greece

Gikas, Achilleas; Kokkini, Sofia; Tsioutis, Constantinos; Athenessopoulos, D.; Balomenaki, Evaggelia; Blasak, S.; Matheou, C.; Tselentis, Yiannis; Psaroulaki, Anna

doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02133.x

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Severity of murine typhus infection has been associated to age, race and delay in diagnosis. In some series [9], the lung infiltrates were very common (up to 53.7%). Nowadays, in many areas where the hygienic conditions have improved, the cat flea might be the main vector.…”

Section: Murine Typhus or Endemic Typhusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rickettsioses in Europe

Portillo

Santibáñez

García‐Álvarez

et al. 2015

Microbes and Infection

162

120

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Section: Murine Typhus or Endemic Typhusmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rickettsioses in Europe

Portillo

Santibáñez

García‐Álvarez

et al. 2015

Microbes and Infection

162

120

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“…Transmission to humans presumably results from contamination of broken skin, the respiratory tract, or conjunctivae with infectious flea feces or flea tissues. Murine typhus presents with high fever, headache, generalized pain, weakness, and often other nonspecific symptoms or atypical manifestations (Taylor et al 1986, Purcell et al 2007, Civen and Ngo 2008, Gikas et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urban Focus ofRickettsia typhiandRickettsia felisin Los Angeles, California

Abramowicz

Rood²,

Krueger³

et al. 2011

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Classic murine typhus, caused by Rickettsia typhi, is endemic in the continental United States in areas of Texas and southern California. We conducted an environmental investigation in an urban area of Los Angeles identified as the probable exposure site for a case of murine typhus. Four Rattus norvegicus heavily infested with Xenopsylla cheopis (average 32.5 fleas per animal, range 20-42) were trapped, and fleas, blood, and tissues were collected. DNAs from all specimens were tested for R. typhi and Rickettsia felis using a TaqMan assay targeting the rickettsial citrate synthase gene. Although rickettsiemia was not detected, DNA of R. felis was detected in at least one tissue from each rat. Tissues from 3 rats were also positive for R. typhi DNA. R. typhi and R. felis DNAs were detected in fleas collected from each animal with average minimal infection rates of 10% and 32.3%, respectively. Although R. typhi still circulates in urban Los Angeles in the classic Oriental flea-rat cycle, R. felis is more prevalent, even in this association.

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“…Ciprofloxacin may be an alternative effective therapeutic agent (12). The current report shows the importance of a detailed medical history which in febrile cases with rash should always include questions about exposure to rats and fleas, although such a history may not always be present (6). Murine typhus is generally underdiagnosed in childhood (5).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%