MuSC: A Tool for Mutation Testing of Ethereum Smart Contract

Li, Zixin; Wu, Haoran; Xu, Jiehui; Wang, Xingya; Zhang, Lingming; Chen, Zhenyu

doi:10.1109/ase.2019.00136

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The five mutation operators in this study are different from those of previous studies [9,33,34] . These operators can accurately simulate various integer overflow faults.…”

Section: Summary Of the Operatorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Wu et al [9] introduced mutation testing to smart contract testing for the first time. Fifteen new mutation operators were designed for ESCs, and the mutation testing tool, MuSC [33] , was implemented. Hartel and Schumi [34] performed mutation testing on an online gaming contract and proposed a standard Mothra mutation operator and four mutation operators specifically for Solidity.…”

Section: Mutation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tsinghua Science and Technology, February 2022, 27(1):[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutation testing for integer overflow in ethereum smart contracts

Sun

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2022

Tsinghua Sci. Technol.

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Integer overflow is a common vulnerability in Ethereum Smart Contracts (ESCs) and often causes huge economic losses. Smart contracts cannot be changed once it is deployed on the blockchain and thus demand further testing. Mutation testing is a fault-based testing method that can effectively improve the sufficiency of a test for smart contracts. However, existing methods cannot efficiently perform mutation testing specifically for integer overflow in ESCs. Therefore, by analyzing integer overflow in ESCs, we propose five special mutation operators to address such vulnerability in terms of detecting sufficiency in ESC testing. An empirical study on 40 open-source ESCs is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed mutation operators. Results show that (1) our proposed mutation operators can reproduce all 179 integer overflow vulnerabilities in 40 smart contracts, and the generated mutants have high compilation pass rate and integer overflow vulnerability generation rate; moreover, (2) the generated mutants can find the shortcomings of existing testing methods for integer overflow vulnerability, thereby providing effective support to improve the sufficiency of the test.

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“…The five mutation operators in this study are different from those of previous studies [9,33,34] . These operators can accurately simulate various integer overflow faults.…”

Section: Summary Of the Operatorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Mutation Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mutation testing for integer overflow in ethereum smart contracts

Sun

Huang

Zheng

et al. 2022

Tsinghua Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…Besides code analysis, research has proposed approaches and tools for software testing (e.g., [24], [171]- [173]). Related works offer valuable and practical insights that support smart contract developers in improving their code through different testing strategies and tools.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Li et al [170] proposed a software tool for mutation testing of Ethereum smart contract code to identify and fix flaws in their code. Gao et al [171] presented an approach for automated testing of Ethereum smart contracts and suggested browser-side events that interact with smart contracts. These tools and respective insights can support development practices.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Common Solutions in Smart Contract Development

Kannengießer

Lins

Sander

et al. 2022

IIEEE Trans. Software Eng.

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Smart contracts are a promising means of formalizing and reliably enforcing agreements between entities using distributed ledger technology (DLT). Research has revealed that a significant number of smart contracts are subject to programming flaws, making them vulnerable to attacks and leading to detrimental effects, such as asset loss. Researchers and developers call for a thorough analysis of challenges to identify their causes and propose solutions. To respond to these calls, we conducted two literature reviews and diverse expert interviews and synthesized scattered knowledge on challenges and solutions. We identified 29 challenges (e.g., code visibility, code updateability, and encapsulation) and 60 solutions (e.g., gas limit specification, off-ledger computations, and shadowing). Moreover, we developed 20 software design patterns (SDPs) in collaboration with smart contract developers. The SDPs help developers adjust their programming habits and thus support them in their daily development practices. Our results provide actionable knowledge for smart contract developers to overcome the identified challenges and offer support for comparing smart contract integration concepts across three fundamentally different DLT protocols (i.e., Ethereum, EOSIO, and Hyperledger Fabric). Moreover, we support developers in becoming aware of peculiarities in smart contract development and the resulting benefits and drawbacks.

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An extensive multivocal literature review of blockchain technology: Evolution, challenges, platforms, security, and interoperability

Monika,

Bhatia,

Kumar

2024

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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Blockchain technology has gained enormous interest from industry and academia recently. Technology enthusiasts are exploring its use case beyond cryptocurrencies and claim that blockchain technology can overcome the inefficiencies of centralized systems. In this study, we continue the work of previous authors, aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the technical aspects of blockchain. This study is the first of its kind to review and analyze the current status of different technical aspects of blockchain technology influencing its adoption. We performed an extensive multivocal review to (i) demonstrate the progress of blockchain, (ii) discuss the challenges related to the wide‐scale adoption of the technology, (iii) present a detailed analysis of blockchain platforms, (iv) highlight security and interoperability issues followed by the solutions proposed in the literature. We have considered 259 peer‐reviewed research papers and the gray literature related to 40 blockchain platforms to provide an in‐depth analysis of blockchain technology. In conclusion, this comprehensive survey provides a holistic view of blockchain technology's progress. It identifies challenges, trends, and future research directions, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to navigate the dynamic blockchain landscape.

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MuSC: A Tool for Mutation Testing of Ethereum Smart Contract

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Mutation testing for integer overflow in ethereum smart contracts

Mutation testing for integer overflow in ethereum smart contracts

Challenges and Common Solutions in Smart Contract Development

An extensive multivocal literature review of blockchain technology: Evolution, challenges, platforms, security, and interoperability

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