Muscle, Adipose, and Connective Tissue Variations in Intrinsic Musculature of the Adult Human Tongue

Miller, Jeri L.; Watkin, Kenneth L.; Chen, Moy Fong

doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2002/004)

Cited by 63 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…All quantification was performed using automated procedures in ImageJ 18 , which required only minimal input from the operator. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Gomori trichrome stains were used in evaluating the overall tissue composition and structure 19 . The relative fraction of organized, dense connective tissue; loose, disorganized tissue similar in appearance to granulation tissue; and muscle fibers was quantified on the basis of manual thresholding of staining color and intensity, where loose connective tissue was similar in color but lighter in shade and intensity than dense connective tissue because of the relative packing of the extracellular matrix (ECM).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Evidence of Muscle Degeneration in Advanced Human Rotator Cuff Disease

Gibbons

Singh

Anakwenze

et al. 2017

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

113

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Background: Cellular remodeling in rotator cuff muscles following a massive rotator cuff tear is poorly understood. The aim of the current study was to provide histological evidence to elucidate the mode of muscle loss in advanced human rotator cuff disease and to assess tissue-level changes in relation to findings on noninvasive imaging. Methods: Rotator cuff muscle biopsy samples were taken from the scapular fossae from 23 consecutive patients undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in order to evaluate muscle composition in severe rotator cuff disease. Markers of vascularity; inflammation; fat distribution; and muscle atrophy, degeneration, and regeneration were quantified. Results: The samples primarily consisted of dense, organized connective tissue (48.2% ± 19.1%) and disorganized, loose connective tissue (36.9% ± 15.9%), with substantially smaller fractions of muscle (10.4% ± 22.0%) and fat (6.5% ± 11.6%). Only 25.8% of the biopsy pool contained any muscle fibers at all. Increased inflammatory cell counts (111.3 ± 81.5 macrophages/mm2) and increased vascularization (66.6 ± 38.0 vessels/mm2) were observed across biopsies. Muscle fiber degeneration was observed in 90.0% ± 15.6% of observable muscle fascicles, and the percentage of centrally nucleated muscle fibers was pathologically elevated (11.3% ± 6.3%). Fat accumulation was noted in both perifascicular (60.7% ± 41.4%) and intrafascicular (42.2% ± 33.6%) spaces, with evidence that lipid may replace contractile elements without altering muscle organization. Conclusions: Dramatic degeneration and inflammation of the rotator cuff muscles are characteristics of the most chronic and severe rotator cuff disease states, suggesting that muscle loss is more complicated than, and distinct from, the simple atrophy found in less severe cases. Clinical Relevance: In order to address degenerative muscle loss, alternative therapeutic approaches directed at muscle regeneration must be considered if muscle function is to be restored in late-stage rotator cuff disease.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Evidence of Muscle Degeneration in Advanced Human Rotator Cuff Disease

Gibbons

Singh

Anakwenze

et al. 2017

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

113

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“…When comparing the values found only with the IOPI instrument, there was a greater tongue pressure in the anterior position, possibly suggesting a higher tonus at the apex of the tongue and not in the posterior region of it, despite the greater muscular concentration in the posterior region 31 . These findings, higher in anterior than in posterior regions, were also cited by another study 32 , whose authors assessed lingual pressure during swallowing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of intrinsic muscle tissue varies according to the tongue region, being higher in the posterior region (57.3%) compared to the anterior (25.9%) and medium (44.4%) 31 ones. It is believed that the suprahyoid electrical activity captured in the task of tongue lift against the palate differed between the posterior and anterior regions not only due to the difference in lingual muscle concentration, but also due to the presence of other muscles recruitment, such as the extrinsic ones of the tongue.The tongue pressure against the palate in the anterior region recruits more the genioglossus muscle than the tongue pressure against the palate in the posterior region, position in which the styloglossus and palatoglossal muscles are activated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the posterior region, there is a predominance of type I fibers, which generate less strength, but are more resistant to fatigue, besides the IM and IIC types, which, due to their intermediate characteristics, are adaptable to the several finely modulated oral actions 33 . It isworth highlighting that the muscle fibers in the posterior region of the tongue are in horizontal orientation 31 , while the anterior region presents perpendicular and parallel fibers. Gingrich and colleagues suggest that a smaller amount of fibers in the anterior region of the tongue, arranged perpendicularly to the bulb, may exert a greater strength than a greater amount of fibers in the posterior region of the tongue arranged horizontally to the bulb 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between tongue pressure and electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles

et al. 2017

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Objective: to investigate the correlation between the tongue pressure and the electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles. Methods: a across-sectional, observational and analytical study conducted with 15 men and 22 women. Each participant underwent simultaneous assessment of maximal tongue pressure through the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) and the surface electromyography of the suprahyoid muscles. They were asked to press the tongue against the hard palate in the anterior and posterior region, with and without IOPI. The adopted significance level of the performed analyses was 5%.Results: there was a moderate and significant correlation only between suprahyoid electrical activity and tongue pressure in the posterior region. It was verified that the measured electrical potentials, when using the IOPI, were greater in the tasks of anterior pressure than in the tasks of the posterior one, bilaterally. Without using the IOPI, the electrical potentials were greater in the posterior pressure than in the anterior one, bilaterally. Finally, the values of lingual pressure were compared with the bulb positioned in the anterior and posterior parts, and the anterior tongue pressure was higher. Conclusion: there was a moderate correlation between tongue pressure and electrical potential of the suprahyoid muscles, researched by the surface electromyography, only when performing activities with the posterior portion of the tongue.

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“…We calculated the cross-sectional area of the vessels. Analysis of pixel colour distribution allowed us to determine the percentage area concentration of each stained tissue component [13]. The present target colour was black after manual tracing of LVs on the photos.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic vessels around the uterus: D2-40 (podoplandin) immunohistochemistry using elderly cadavers

Sasaki

Jin

Liu³

et al. 2016

Folia Morphol

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Muscle, Adipose, and Connective Tissue Variations in Intrinsic Musculature of the Adult Human Tongue

Cited by 63 publications

References 37 publications

Histological Evidence of Muscle Degeneration in Advanced Human Rotator Cuff Disease

Histological Evidence of Muscle Degeneration in Advanced Human Rotator Cuff Disease

Correlation between tongue pressure and electrical activity of the suprahyoid muscles

Lymphatic vessels around the uterus: D2-40 (podoplandin) immunohistochemistry using elderly cadavers

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