Muscle biopsy: what and why and when?

Walters, Jon; Baborie, Atik

doi:10.1136/practneurol-2019-002465

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The proposed muscle-on-chip bioreactor ( figure 1 a , b ) consists of a central chamber with dimensions 5 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm filled with collagen type I hydrogel from Corning at 6 mg ml −1 embedded in PDMS with parallel tubes running through the device. Hollow tube geometry is relevant as in vivo skeletal muscle cells, also called myotubes at early stages of development, have elliptical or cylindrical shapes with diameters ranging from a few tens of microns up to hundreds of microns [ 11 ]. Tube geometry also mimics the shape of a blood vessel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling of oxygen transport in a muscle-on-chip device

et al. 2022

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Muscle-on-chip devices aim to recapitulate the physiological characteristics of in vivo muscle tissue and so maintaining levels of oxygen transported to cells is essential for cell survival and for providing the normoxic conditions experienced in vivo . We use finite-element method numerical modelling to describe oxygen transport and reaction in a proposed three-dimensional muscle-on-chip bioreactor with embedded channels for muscle cells and growth medium. We determine the feasibility of ensuring adequate oxygen for muscle cell survival in a device sealed from external oxygen sources and perfused via medium channels. We investigate the effects of varying elements of the bioreactor design on oxygen transport to optimize muscle tissue yield and maintain normoxic conditions. Successful co-culturing of muscle cells with motor neurons can boost muscle tissue function and so we estimate the maximum density of seeded neurons supported by oxygen concentrations within the bioreactor. We show that an enclosed bioreactor can provide sufficient oxygen for muscle cell survival and growth. We define a more efficient arrangement of muscle and perfusion chambers that can sustain a predicted 50% increase in maximum muscle volume per perfusion vessel. A study of simulated bioreactors provides functions for predicting bioreactor designs with normoxic conditions for any size of perfusion vessel, muscle chamber and distance between chambers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling of oxygen transport in a muscle-on-chip device

et al. 2022

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“…To sum up, our results suggested that with a careful, completed protocol, muscle biopsy provides high diagnostic value in precision diagnosis for clinically indistinguishable adult-onset myopathies [ 17 , 18 , 21 , 23 , 59 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 67 ]. This study analyzed the change of the latest IIMs subtypes before and after muscle biopsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Genetic analyses were introduced to a few cases whose muscle pathology indicated dystrophy even though no apparent family history was identified. Although muscle biopsy provides a precise guide for choosing the subsequent molecular tool in adult patients, early introduction of genetic tests before muscle biopsy may benefit pediatric patients regarding the risk of general anesthesia for biopsy [ 59 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Biopsy: A Requirement for Precision Medicine in Adult-Onset Myopathy

Liao

Lin

et al. 2022

JCM

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Muscle biopsy is a fundamental procedure to assist the final diagnosis of myopathy. With the recent advances in molecular diagnosis, serology tests, and mechanism-based classification in myopathy, the précised diagnosis for myopathy required the applications of multiple tools. This study intends to reappraise the benefit of muscle biopsy in adult-onset myopathy under the setting of an optimized muscle biopsy protocol and comprehensive serology tests. A one-group pretest-posttest study design was used. The pre- and post-biopsy diagnoses and treatments in 69 adult patients were compared. Muscle biopsy yielded 85.5% of definitive diagnoses, including changes in pre-biopsy diagnoses (40.6%) and narrowing down the suspicious myopathies (49.3%). The demographic data and clinical parameters between the group “with change” and “without change” after biopsy were not different. Among those with changes in diagnosis, 39.3% also had a corresponding shift in treatment, which benefits the patients significantly. Regarding the most common adult-onset myopathy, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), 41% of patients with pre-biopsy diagnosis as IIM had changes in their IIM subtype diagnosis, and 53% was finally not IIM after muscle biopsy. Although there have been advances in molecular diagnosis recently, muscle biopsy still undoubtedly critically guided the diagnosis and treatment of adult-onset myopathy in the era of precision medicine.

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“…Skeletal muscle biopsy remains an important investigative tool in the diagnosis of a variety of muscle disorders including sarcopenia. Muscle weakness, myopathic changes, and increased plasma creatine kinase (CK) that are caused by sarcopenia would be clinical indicators for muscle biopsy [ 70 ]. The target muscles to be biopsied are weak muscles that can overcome gravity.…”

Section: Musculoskeletal Tissue Biopsy Samples Are a Key Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very weak muscles show a marked loss of muscle fibers with the replacement of adipose or connective tissue [ 7 ]. A closed biopsy is probably the most appropriate for determining muscle status in older adults with sarcopenia because it is minimally invasive and potentially yields more than one sample [ 70 ]. However, it is not without drawbacks because it is not easy to obtain from some muscles, it is expensive, it has a long processing time, it is impossible to tolerate throughout the aging process, the assessment of the heterogeneity of sarcopenia is limited to that of the biopsy analyzed, and it is not easy to follow the response to interventions in the elderly [ 28 ].…”

Section: Musculoskeletal Tissue Biopsy Samples Are a Key Diagnostic Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Satellite Cell-Linked Biomarkers in Aging Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Proteomics and Proteogenomics to Monitor Sarcopenia

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia (Sp) is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging which causes an involution of muscle function and strength. Satellite cells (Sc) are myogenic stem cells, which are activated by injury or stress, and repair muscle tissue. With advancing age, there is a decrease in the efficiency of the regenerative response of Sc. Diagnosis occurs with the Sp established by direct assessments of muscle. However, the detection of biomarkers in real-time biofluids by liquid biopsy could represent a step-change in the understanding of the molecular biology and heterogeneity of Sp. A total of 13 potential proteogenomic biomarkers of Sp by their physiological and biological interaction with Sc have been previously described in the literature. Increases in the expression of GDF11, PGC-1α, Sirt1, Pax7, Pax3, Myf5, MyoD, CD34, MyoG, and activation of Notch signaling stimulate Sc activity and proliferation, which could modulate and delay Sp progression. On the contrary, intensified expression of GDF8, p16INK4a, Mrf4, and activation of the Wnt pathway would contribute to early Sp development by directly inducing reduced and/or altered Sc function, which would attenuate the restorative capacity of skeletal muscle. Additionally, tissue biopsy remains an important diagnostic tool. Proteomic profiling of aged muscle tissues has shown shifts toward protein isoforms characteristic of a fast-to-slow transition process and an elevated number of oxidized proteins. In addition, a strong association between age and plasma values of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been described and serpin family A member 3 (serpin A3n) was more secreted by atrophied muscle cells. The identification of these new biomarkers holds the potential to change personalized medicine because it could predict in real time the course of Sp by monitoring its evolution and assessing responses to potential therapeutic strategies.

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Muscle biopsy: what and why and when?

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Mathematical modelling of oxygen transport in a muscle-on-chip device

Mathematical modelling of oxygen transport in a muscle-on-chip device

Muscle Biopsy: A Requirement for Precision Medicine in Adult-Onset Myopathy

Potential Satellite Cell-Linked Biomarkers in Aging Skeletal Muscle Tissue: Proteomics and Proteogenomics to Monitor Sarcopenia

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