Muscle Deoxygenation and Its Heterogeneity Changes After Endurance Training

Kime, Ryotaro; Niwayama, Masatsugu; Kaneko, Yasuhisa; Takagi, Shun; Fuse, Sayuri; Osada, Takuya; Murase, Norio; Katsumura, Toshihito

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-38810-6_37

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We found an inverse correlation between NIRS and increasing exercise intensity. This is consistent with previous studies, which demonstrated a negative correlation between StO 2 during exercise and peak oxygen uptake, as oxygen uptake is the gold standard for measuring exercise intensity (Utter et al 2002, McGowan & Hampson 2007, Millard 2014, Kime et al 2016.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a perceived exertion scale for dogs using selected physiologic parameters

Swanson

Harper

McMichael

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objective To develop a perceived exertion scale for dogs exercising on a treadmill and to assess intra‐ and inter‐observer variability. Materials and Methods Fifteen healthy client‐owned dogs participated in paired exercise trials. Measurements of lactate, glucose, heart rate, temperature, respiratory rate and regional tissue oximetry were obtained before, during and after exercise. Perceived exertion scale scores were recorded during exercise and using video recordings to evaluate inter‐observer variability. Correlations were evaluated using the Spearman's non‐parametric method. Results Thirteen dogs completed both trials. Dogs walked or trotted on the treadmill with an average perceived exertion score of 2 in both trials. Holter heart rate was positively correlated with perceived exertion scale scores from all observers for both trials. In trial 1, plasma glucose decreased in association with increase in perceived exertion and, in trial 2, cutaneous oximetry decreased, respiratory rate increased and temperature increased with increases on the perceived exertion scale. Inter‐observer perceived exertion scale scores were positively correlated in both trials. There was no intra‐observer variability between trials. Clinical Significance The perceived exertion scale correlated with the measured physiologic parameters in dogs exercising at mild to moderate intensity. The perceived exertion scale was consistent and repeatable but larger study numbers and further validation are needed before it can be widely applied.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a perceived exertion scale for dogs using selected physiologic parameters

Swanson

Harper

McMichael

et al. 2019

J of Small Animal Practice

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show abstract

“…This is consistent with previous studies, which demonstrated a negative correlation between tissue oxygen saturation during exercise and peak oxygen uptake, as oxygen uptake is the gold standard for measuring exercise intensity. (Kime et al 2016;Utter et al 2004Utter et al , 2002McGowan and Hampson 2007;Millard 2014) The gold standard for monitoring heart rhythm and rate in exercising dogs is through the use of continuous ECG measurement, such as with a Holter monitor. (Essner et al, 2013;Jonckheer-Sheehy et al, 2012) Unfortunately, Holter monitors do not provide real time measurement of heart rate, therefore other methods for monitoring heart rate, such as the KardiaMobile and manual heart rates were also employed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Musch et al 1985) Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) during exercise has also been shown to be negatively correlated with peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). (Kime et al 2016) Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has the ability to quantitatively monitor tissue StO2 in a non-invasive, continuous, and reproducible manner through the use of a cutaneous adhesive probe. (Hall et al 2008) Near-infrared spectroscopy works by measuring oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin concentrations in the blood using near-infrared light with wavelengths of approximately 700-1000 nanometers.…”

Section: Exercise Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Perceived Exertion Scale for Dogs Exercising on a Land Treadmill using Selected Physiologic Parameters

Swanson

Harper

McMichael

et al. 2018

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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Physical rehabilitation therapy is rapidly becoming an integral component in the treatment of a variety of neurologic and orthopedic conditions in veterinary patients. However, to date there are no perceived exertion scales (PES) available for monitoring dogs or for developing exercise protocols. The purpose of this study was to develop a perceived exertion scale for dogs walking/running on a land treadmill using the following physiologic parameters: heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, blood lactate and glucose concentrations, and regional tissue oximetry. We hypothesized that the measured physiologic parameters would correlate with the perceived exertion of the dogs exercising on a land treadmill and that there would be no difference between intra-and inter-observer perceived exertion of dogs while walking/running on a land treadmill. An additional aim was to compare heart rate obtained from a Holter monitor to those obtained manually and using a mobile ECG monitor. Fifteen healthy client-owned dogs were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. Each dog participated in two 55-minute exercise trials separated by a one-week recovery period. An initial complete blood count, biochemical panel, urinalysis, total T4, and venous blood gas (including lactate) were performed prior to beginning each trial. Subsequent venous blood gases were obtained after 20 minutes of exercise, immediately after completion of exercise, and after a 20-minute recovery period. Additional physiologic parameters recorded included heart rate, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and regional tissue oximetry. The perceived exertion was recorded during each trial at 2 minute intervals by a Certified Veterinary Technician, who is also a Certified Canine Rehabilitation Practitioner. Additional perceived exertion scores were recorded via video recording by two veterinarians, a rehabilitation therapy volunteer, and a iii veterinary student to determine inter-observer variation. The results of the first trial were also compared to the second trial to evaluate for repeatability. Thirteen of 15 dogs completed both trials. Spearman correlations for both trials were positive between Holter heart rate and KardiaMobile heart rate (r = 0.7, p <0.0001), manual heart rate (r = 0.64, p <0.0001),), respiratory rate (r = 0.27, p = 0.019), and temperature (r = 0.29, p = 0.014). Holter heart rate was positively correlated with PES scores from all observers for both trials (p <0.001 for all). The mean PES score recorded by each observer was 2 out of 4 for both trials. To test the assumption that physiological measurements changed with PES score, each dog's time 0 value was subtracted from subsequent values for that dog and least trimmed squares regression was then used to remove outliers. Outlier-free linear regression estimates were then obtained as follows. For Trial 1 glucose (g/dL) =-2.581-2.112 PES (R 2 = 0.179, F(1,45) = 9.787, P=0.003). That is, glucose decreased 2.112 g/dL for each incremental increase on the PES. For Trial 2 cutaneous ox...

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“…Although a longitudinal approach is helpful to evaluate the direct relationship between increasing muscle O2 extraction and an improvement of peak V ・ O2, the amount of longitudinal research is still limited. Kime et al 13) reported that, in healthy untrained sub-jects, SmO2 at peak exercise was decreased after 3-weeks' aerobic training (cycling exercise at 60% of peak V ・ O2…”

Section: Relationship Between Muscle O2 Dynamics and Peak V ・ O2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in elderly subjects and heart disease patients. However, the effects of exercise training on muscle O2 dynamics and its relationship to peak aerobic capacity may be influenced by some factors such as: initial level of aerobic capacity and cardiac function (ability of convective O2 supply) 11,18) , and training volume 11,15) or phase 13) . Additionally, we found both an increase in ΔSmO2 and reduction in deoxy-Hb/Mb at peak exercise without a change in total-Hb (i.e.…”

Section: Relationship Between Muscle O2 Dynamics and Peak V ・ O2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle oxygen dynamics and peak aerobic capacity

Takagi

2016

JPFSM

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Skeletal muscle O2 dynamics can be measured during whole body dynamic exercise noninvasively by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and muscle O 2 dynamics can allow us to estimate muscle O2 extraction. Muscle O2 extraction is one of the determinants of peak pulmonary O2 uptake (V ・ O2), and blunted peak V ・ O2 potentially increases cardiovascular-associated morbidity and mortality. However, muscle O2 dynamics and their relation to reduced peak aerobic capacity have not been fully established. This review briefly outlines the relationship between change in muscle O2 dynamics and an improvement of peak V ・ O2. Our findings suggest that aerobic training enhances estimated muscle O2 extraction, and the enhancement is related to an improvement of peak aerobic capacity in elderly subjects, with and without heart disease. The relationship may be potentially affected, however, by some factors such as: the initial level of aerobic capacity and cardiac function (ability of convective O2 supply), and training volume, phase, or type. The number of elderly people who have a low peak aerobic capacity will most likely be increasing in Japan, as a consequence of the aging population and physical inactivity due to advanced technology. Although we recognize several limitations of the NIRS technique and the necessity for further investigation, assessing muscle O2 dynamics is valuable to understand the peripheral impairments and mechanisms of lowered peak V ・ O2.

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Muscle Deoxygenation and Its Heterogeneity Changes After Endurance Training

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Development of a perceived exertion scale for dogs using selected physiologic parameters

Development of a perceived exertion scale for dogs using selected physiologic parameters

Development of a Perceived Exertion Scale for Dogs Exercising on a Land Treadmill using Selected Physiologic Parameters

Skeletal muscle oxygen dynamics and peak aerobic capacity

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