Muscle development and growth: potential implications for flesh quality in fish

Johnston, Ian A.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00072-1

Cited by 338 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Muscle is a post-embryonic growth involving a population of undifferentiated myoblasts (Johnston, 1999), which is modulated by numerous growth factors including GHs, IGFs and MSTNs. Unlike mammalian embryos, fish embryos develop outside the maternal body and thus rely on growth factors that are maternally stored (Perrot et al, 1999).…”

Section: Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of GHRs, IGFs and MSTNs, and analysis of their expression relationships in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

Zeng

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

Gene

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Section: Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of GHRs, IGFs and MSTNs, and analysis of their expression relationships in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

Zeng

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

Gene

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“…In contrast to mammals, in which muscle growth involves hypertrophy of muscle fibres formed prior to birth, fish are capable of both hypertrophying existing muscle fibres and recruiting new muscle fibres (hyperplasia) throughout their lives [17,18]. Fish also exhibit compensatory growth, which can result in partial, full, or enhanced growth rates compared to control fish following recovery from partial or complete food deprivation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2010

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BackgroundSomatic growth is a complex process that involves the action and interaction of genes and environment. A number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously identified for body weight and condition factor in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and two other salmonid species, were used to further investigate the genetic architecture of growth-influencing genes in this species. Relationships among previously mapped candidate genes for growth and their co-localization to identified QTL regions are reported. Furthermore, using a comparative genomic analysis of syntenic rainbow trout linkage group clusters to their homologous regions within model teleost species such as zebrafish, stickleback and medaka, inferences were made regarding additional possible candidate genes underlying identified QTL regions.ResultsBody weight (BW) QTL were detected on the majority of rainbow trout linkage groups across 10 parents from 3 strains. However, only 10 linkage groups (i.e., RT-3, -6, -8, -9, -10, -12, -13, -22, -24, -27) possessed QTL regions with chromosome-wide or genome-wide effects across multiple parents. Fewer QTL for condition factor (K) were identified and only six instances of co-localization across families were detected (i.e. RT-9, -15, -16, -23, -27, -31 and RT-2/9 homeologs). Of note, both BW and K QTL co-localize on RT-9 and RT-27. The incidence of epistatic interaction across genomic regions within different female backgrounds was also examined, and although evidence for interaction effects within certain QTL regions were evident, these interactions were few in number and statistically weak. Of interest, however, was the fact that these predominantly occurred within K QTL regions. Currently mapped growth candidate genes are largely congruent with the identified QTL regions. More QTL were detected in male, compared to female parents, with the greatest number evident in an F1 male parent derived from an intercross between domesticated and wild strain of rainbow trout which differed strongly in growth rate.ConclusionsStrain background influences the degree to which QTL effects are evident for growth-related genes. The process of domestication (which primarily selects faster growing fish) may largely reduce the genetic influences on growth-specific phenotypic variation. Although heritabilities have been reported to be relatively high for both BW and K growth traits, the genetic architecture of K phenotypic variation appears less defined (i.e., fewer major contributing QTL regions were identified compared with BW QTL regions).

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“…Skeletal muscle growth, plasticity and function The biological characteristics of the muscle and the way in which it grows are major factors influencing overall growth capacity, as well as the quality of the farmed product in mammals, poultry and fish (Johnston, 1999 and2001;Chang, 2007). Although growth rate and growth potential are undoubtedly heritable characteristics, growth of all species is dependent upon environmental factors, such as ambient temperature and food availability, both in the determination of growth per se and in the expression of morphological characteristics (Leatherland, 1994).…”

Section: Critical Timings and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in research on the prenatal development of skeletal muscle in animals in relation to the quality of muscle-based food. I. Regulation of myogenesis and environmental impact

Rehfeldt

Pas

Wimmers

et al. 2011

Animal

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Skeletal muscle development in vertebrates – also termed myogenesis – is a highly integrated process. Evidence to date indicates that the processes are very similar across mammals, poultry and fish, although the timings of the various steps differ considerably. Myogenesis is regulated by the myogenic regulatory factors and consists of two to three distinct phases when different fibre populations appear. The critical times when myogenesis is prone to hormonal or environmental influences depend largely on the developmental stage. One of the main mechanisms for both genetic and environmental effects on muscle fibre development is via the direct action of the growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor (GH–IGF) axis. In mammals and poultry, postnatal growth and function of muscles relate mainly to the hypertrophy of the fibres formed during myogenesis and to their fibre-type composition in terms of metabolic and contractile properties, whereas in fish hyperplasia still plays a major role. Candidate genes that are important in skeletal muscle development, for instance, encode for IGFs and IGF-binding proteins, myosin heavy chain isoforms, troponin T, myosin light chain and others have been identified. In mammals, nutritional supply in utero affects myogenesis and the GH–IGF axis may have an indirect action through the partitioning of nutrients towards the gravid uterus. Impaired myogenesis resulting in low skeletal myofibre numbers is considered one of the main reasons for negative long-term consequences of intrauterine growth retardation. Severe undernutrition in utero due to natural variation in litter or twin-bearing species or insufficient maternal nutrient supply may impair myogenesis and adversely affect carcass quality later in terms of reduced lean and increased fat deposition in the progeny. On the other hand, increases in maternal feed intake above standard requirement seem to have no beneficial effects on the growth of the progeny with myogenesis not or only slightly affected. Initial studies on low and high maternal protein feeding are published. Although there are only a few studies, first results also reveal an influence of nutrition on skeletal muscle development in fish and poultry. Finally, environmental temperature has been identified as a critical factor for growth and development of skeletal muscle in both fish and poultry.

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Muscle development and growth: potential implications for flesh quality in fish

Cited by 338 publications

References 65 publications

Characterization of GHRs, IGFs and MSTNs, and analysis of their expression relationships in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

Characterization of GHRs, IGFs and MSTNs, and analysis of their expression relationships in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

Growth-related quantitative trait loci in domestic and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Advances in research on the prenatal development of skeletal muscle in animals in relation to the quality of muscle-based food. I. Regulation of myogenesis and environmental impact

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