Muscle Dysmorphia: An Emerging Body Image Concern in Men

Esco, Mike R.; Olson, Michele S.; Williford, Hank N.

doi:10.1519/1533-4295(2005)27[76:mdaebi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 8 publications

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“…For example, bodybuilders and recreational gym users have been identified in research to report higher rates of shape preoccupation, distorted body image (Ravaldi et al, 2003), body dissatisfaction (Esco et al, 2005), exercise dependence (Smith & Hale, 2005), and disordered eating and psychological characteristics similar to eating disorder sufferers (Mangweth et al, 2004). Yet other studies have suggested that bodybuilders also experience psychological benefits of lower self-criticism and higher scores on self-concept (Dosil, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within male body image research, bodybuilding has been of particular focus. Bodybuilders have been reported to experience distorted body image (Ravaldi et al, 2003), body dissatisfaction (Esco, Olson, & Williford, 2005), exercise dependence (Smith & Hale, 2005), and disordered eating and psychological characteristics similar to eating disorder sufferers (Mangweth et al, 2004). Based on these findings, the importance of investigating male body image concerns within the gym subculture is evident, particularly given the increasing number of males striving for masculine physiques.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Pathology

2014

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With research highlighting the increasing prevalence and severity of body image and eating disturbances in males, particularly athletes and regular gymnasium users, the current study examined body image and eating disturbances in a sample of male gym users and non-gym users (N = 180). Based on previous research, it was predicted that male gym users would report greater body image disturbance (e.g., body image avoidance and body dissatisfaction) and eating pathology, compared with non-gym users. Results of the study partially supported hypotheses, revealing body dissatisfaction and eating pathology were significantly increased in male gym users. However, no significant differences were observed in body image avoidance behaviors, though this is likely because of methodological limitations associated with psychometric measures selected. The study provides preliminary evidence that male gym users do experience subclinical eating and body image concerns, with some also experiencing clinically significant symptoms that could be precursors to the later development of an eating disorder. Results of the current study highlight the importance of educating key stakeholders within health and fitness centers, through community-based interventions, to increase awareness regarding male body image and eating disturbances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Pathology

2014

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“…MD has been found to be highly prevalent among this population (Esco et al, 2005), even in women (González-Martí, 2012). The disorder has not been studied in the sport of weightlifting, however, despite it being a discipline in which strength, and therefore a muscular physique, is of paramount importance, as a conditional capability that is central to performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As some research studies have shown, MD is common in sports such as bodybuilding (Esco, Olson & Williford, 2005;González-Martí, 2012), in which competitors are assessed on the basis of their physique. MD has been found to be highly prevalent among this population (Esco et al, 2005), even in women (González-Martí, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms in male weightlifters

2016

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Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a body dismorphic disorder in which the sufferer is dissatisfied with their body size and shape. MD has yet to be studied in weightlifters, and the objective of this research study is to detect its symptoms in 32 male weightlifters as well as any related characteristics and behaviours. This study involved the distribution of a sociodemographic questionnaire in addition to the Escala de Satisfacción Muscular, the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire, and the Somatomorphic Matrix, with the anthropometric measurements of the participants also being recorded. The results revealed the existence of body dissatisfaction among athletes and, in some cases, muscle perception that does not equate to reality. The athletes also use substances to build their muscles and enhance their performance, display obsessive muscle checking behaviours, and have low general physical self-concept that stems from their muscle (dis)satisfaction. To conclude, this study confirms the existence of MD in this sport.

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“…When people are deeply concerned with an imagined effect in their appearance, believing that some part of their body is ugly, asymmetrical, or misshapen, it may be concluded that they share some symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (Esco et al, 2005). Research has found that people sharing the symptom of body dysmorphic disorder often have high lifetime rates of major depression, which is often a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder (Phillips, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of body image in people of Taiwan – an exploration of body dysmorphic disorder

Wang¹,

Liao²

2009

IJCCM

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The research aims to study the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in a non-clinical student sample in Taiwan and to compare these data between male students and female students. Body dysmorphic disorder is a preoccupation with an 'imagined' or exaggerated defect in one's appearance.With an eye to understanding students' inner and phenomenological worlds, a body dysmorphic disorder self-check test was administered to 560 college students in Taiwan. The finding of this study shows that influenced by Chinese culture, female students in Taiwan experience more body dysmorphic disorder than male students. It could be possible that cultures have placed great value on women's physical attractiveness and beauty; hence, women get social pressure about how they should look. Consequently, they rely more on appearance and attractiveness in their perception of gender difference.

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Muscle Dysmorphia: An Emerging Body Image Concern in Men

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Pathology

Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Pathology

Detection of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms in male weightlifters

The study of body image in people of Taiwan – an exploration of body dysmorphic disorder

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Muscle Dysmorphia: An Emerging Body Image Concern in Men

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Pathology

Body Image Avoidance, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Pathology

Detection of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms in male weightlifters

The study of body image in people of Taiwan &ndash; an exploration of body dysmorphic disorder

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The study of body image in people of Taiwan – an exploration of body dysmorphic disorder