Muscle fuel selection: effect of exercise and training

Henriksson, Jan

doi:10.1079/pns19950042

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…A similar response was found in the pig [33] and in other species (for review, see [43]). This may be due to an increased sensitivity of the muscle tissue to insulin by physical training as demonstrated in rodents and humans (for review, see [43]). In cattle, insulin level is lower with grazing, which also suggests an increase in insulin sensitivity with increased physical activity in the fields [7].…”

Section: Cold Exposure and Physical Activitysupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Furthermore, in sheep, exercise training induces an increase in glycogen level in skeletal muscle, especially in muscles already containing a high amount of glycogen [74]. A similar response was found in the pig [33] and in other species (for review, see [43]). This may be due to an increased sensitivity of the muscle tissue to insulin by physical training as demonstrated in rodents and humans (for review, see [43]).…”

Section: Cold Exposure and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 57%

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Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Hocquette

Abé

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The study of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT) requires carefully done immunological experiments and sensitive molecular biology approaches to identify the various mechanisms which control GLUT expression at the RNA and protein levels. The cloning of species-specific GLUT cDNAs showed that GLUT4 and GLUT1 diverge less among species than other GLUT isoforms. The key role of GLUT in glucose homeostasis has been demonstrated in livestock species. In vitro studies have suggested specific roles of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in avian cells. In vivo studies have demonstrated a regulation of GLUTs (especially of GLUT4) by nutritional and hormonal factors in pigs and cattle, in lactating cows and goats and throughout the foetal life in the placenta and tissues of lambs and calves. All these results suggest that any changes in GLUT expression and activity (such as GLUT4 in muscles) could modify nutrient partitioning and tissue metabolism, and hence, the qualities of animal products (milk, meat).glucose transporter / pig / ruminant / poultry Résumé -Les transporteurs du glucose à diffusion facilitée chez les animaux de ferme. L'étude des transporteurs du glucose à diffusion facilitée (GLUT) nécessite des techniques en immunologie ou en biologie moléculaire précises et sensibles pour étudier la régulation de leur expression au niveau ARNm ou protéique. Le clonage d'ADNc des différents GLUT a montré que GLUT4 et GLUT1 divergent moins entre espèces que les autres isoformes de GLUT. Le rôle important des GLUT dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie du glucose a été démontré chez les animaux de ferme. Des études in vitro ont suggéré un rôle spécifique de GLUT1 et de GLUT3 dans les cellules aviaires. Des études in vivo ont mis en évidence une régulation des GLUT (notamment GLUT4) par des facteurs nutritionnels ou hormonaux chez le porc et le bovin, chez la vache ou la chèvre en lactation, et tout au long de la vie foetale dans le placenta et les tissus de l'agneau ou du veau. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère que tout changement dans l'expression et l'activité des GLUT (tel que de GLUT4 dans les muscles) peut modifier la répartition des nutriments et le métabolisme tissulaire, et affecter ainsi la qualité des produits animaux (lait, viande).transporteur du glucose / porc / ruminant / volaille Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 517-533 517

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Section: Cold Exposure and Physical Activitysupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Cold Exposure and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 57%

Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Hocquette

Abé

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…70,71 Increases in skeletal muscle content of mitochondria, enzymes involved in activation, transfer into mitochondria and b-oxidation of fatty acids, increases in fatty acid-binding protein content, smLPL activity, and intramuscular triacylglycerol stores, and changes in the activity of regulatory molecules such as malonyl-CoA, occur with training and favour fat utilisation. 47,72,73 Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that endurance exercise training increases lipolytic responsiveness to catecholamines of adipocytes. 74 ± 79 Since the density of receptors does not appear to change with training, the increased responsiveness appears to be a post-receptor adaptation, probably at the level of hormone-sensitive lipase.…”

Section: Availability Of Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise training and substrate utilisation in obesity

Baak

1999

Int J Obes

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Together with diet and behavioural modi®cation, regular exercise is one of the key components of programs for the treatment of obesity. It appears to be one of the major factors determining the long-term success of weight loss programs. One of the mechanisms that may underlie this and other bene®cial effects of regular exercise is the effect of exercise training on substrate utilisation. Exercise training increases fat oxidation in lean subjects. The capacity to mobilise and oxidise fat has been shown to be impaired in obese and post-obese subjects. Thus, an increase in the capacity for fat oxidation may help to maintain fat and energy balance at a lower fat mass in individuals with a predisposition for obesity. However, in view of the impaired fat oxidation in obese and post-obese individuals the question arises whether exercise training also increases fat oxidation in the obese. Few studies have addressed this question and have investigated the effect of exercise training on substrate utilisation in obesity. Addition of an exercise training program has been shown to prevent the reduction of basal fat oxidation that is associated with dietinduced weight loss in two studies. No effect of additional exercise training on substrate oxidation during exercise was found. In post-obese subjects exercise training caused no change in 24 h substrate oxidation in one study and increased carbohydrate, rather than fat oxidation in another. In obese subjects neither low (40% maximal aerobic ®tness (VO 2 max)) nor high (70% VO 2 max) intensity training was found to affect resting substrate oxidation. During exercise fractional fat oxidation was increased after low, but not after high intensity training. The question, whether exercise training increases fat oxidation in obese and post-obese as in lean subjects therefore cannot be answered conclusively at this point in time and requires further study. The role of exercise intensity and type of exercise needs to be studied as well.

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“…As a signi®cant part of fat oxidation occurs at the muscle level 5 , it can be hypothesised that decreased muscle mass in the elderly can reduce fat oxidation, especially since the age-related loss of fat free mass (FFM) was shown to be correlated with a decrease in resting fat oxidation in women. 6 Physical training is known to stimulate fat oxidation during exercise in young adults 7 . Furthermore, a higher resting fat oxidation has been reported in young trained men compared with young sedentary men 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-course effects of endurance training on fat oxidation in sedentary elderly people

et al. 1999

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate alterations in whole body fat oxidation after 7 and 14 weeks of progressive endurance training in sedentary elderly subjects. DESIGN: Longitudinal, 14 weeks of progressive endurance training on a cycle ergometer (3 training sessions per week). Full sets of measurements were performed before, and after 7 and 14 weeks of training. SUBJECTS: 13 healthy sedentary subjects (5 men, 8 women) (age 62.8 AE 2.3 y). MEASUREMENTS: 24 h indirect calorimetric measurements under standardised conditions: light-activity programme, ®xed food composition, neutral daily energy balance. Body composition (by isotope dilution and skinfold thicknesses). Maximal oxygen consumption. RESULTS: Loss of 0.7 kg fat mass in the ®rst 7 weeks of training and a further 2.4 kg of fat in the second 7 weeks. There was a transient increase in sleeping fat oxidation after 7 weeks of training ( 26.1%), associated with transient increase in daily fat oxidation ( AE 11.9%), but fat oxidation then returned to baseline values in the second 7 weeks. There was a correlation between within-subject changes in sleeping fat oxidation after 7 weeks of training and variations in FFM (r 0.62, P 0.02) and maximal oxygen consumption (r À0.56, P`0.05). CONCLUSION: In sedentary elderly subjects, progressive endurance training was associated with a transient increase in sleeping fat oxidation and daily fat oxidation. In free-living conditions, possible changes in daily fat oxidation may have induced a negative fat balance, as judged by fat mass loss.

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Muscle fuel selection: effect of exercise and training

Cited by 38 publications

References 94 publications

Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Exercise training and substrate utilisation in obesity

Time-course effects of endurance training on fat oxidation in sedentary elderly people

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