2008
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-250
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Muscle invasive bladder cancer in Upper Egypt: the shift in risk factors and tumor characteristics

Abstract: Background: In Egypt, where bilharziasis is endemic, bladder cancer is the commonest cancer in males and the 2 nd in females; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the commonest type found, with a peculiar mode of presentation. The aim of this study is to identify and rank the risk factors of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in Upper Egypt and describe its specific criteria of presentation and histopathology.

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Cited by 39 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…Pesticide exposure has been linked to increased risks from BCa in some studies [10][11][12][13][14] but not all [29]. Pesticide exposures to French farmers in vineyards have been found to cause increased mortality from BCa [11].…”
Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Pesticide exposure has been linked to increased risks from BCa in some studies [10][11][12][13][14] but not all [29]. Pesticide exposures to French farmers in vineyards have been found to cause increased mortality from BCa [11].…”
Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exposure to pesticides also has been associated with increased BCa risks in some studies in the literature [10][11][12][13][14]. The American population is exposed to extremely low levels of pesticides in drinking water and the levels depend on the source of supply.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unlike the common belief, risk factors such as positive family history, parent's consanguinity, exposure to pesticides and chronic cystitis seem to play now more important roles than bilharziasis and smoking in the development of this disease in Egypt, yet reports on larger numbers of patients are needed to support this conclusion (Zarzour et al, 2008).…”
mentioning
confidence: 85%
“…In addition to the laboratory data linking schistosomiasis infection with Bilharzial bladder cancer are epidemiological studies, which show that changes in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis are reflected in the changing epidemiology of bladder cancer [25,26]. In the 1970s, bladder cancer is thought to have accounted for about one third of solid cancers in Egypt, making it the most common solid cancer among men in Egypt and second only to breast cancer in women [27].…”
Section: Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By contrast, bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. In the USA, it is the fourth most common cancer among men, accounting for 7% of new non-skin cancer malignancies, and is 12th most common among women [26,29].…”
Section: Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%