Muscle Metabolism in Uremia and the Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation

Allein, Sophie; Verbeelen, Dirk

doi:10.1159/000045083

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…In addition to its obvious role in glucose metabolism, insulin is a powerful anabolic hormone for skeletal muscle. Several studies have demonstrated that renal failure results in insulin resistance even at relatively early stages of the disease (6,29,115). Given the critical role of insulin in both muscle energy metabolism and protein synthesis, CRF-induced insulin resistance may adversely affect skeletal muscle protein balance and energy production.…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic renal failure: effects of exercise

Adams¹,

Vaziri²

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

113

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A number of chronic illnesses such as renal failure (CRF), obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure result in a significant decrease in exercise tolerance. There is an increasing awareness that prescribed exercise, designed to restore some level of physical performance and quality of life, can be beneficial in these conditions. In CRF patients, muscle function can be affected by a number of direct and indirect mechanisms caused by renal disease as well as various treatment modalities. The aims of this review are twofold: first, to briefly discuss the mechanisms by which CRF negatively impacts skeletal muscle and, therefore, exercise capacity, and, second, to discuss the available data on the effects of programmed exercise on muscle function, exercise capacity, and various other parameters in CRF.

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Section: Skeletal Muscle Catabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic renal failure: effects of exercise

Adams¹,

Vaziri²

2006

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

113

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“…Dialysis solutions enriched with essential amino acids are available (19,24,32). However, some studies (13,21) have reported that they increase the apparent urea nitrogen ratio, which causes metabolic acidosis. This type of solution is not available in our country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain proteins are better tolerated than others. An example of this is casein, which, due to its amino acid composition, digestibility, and liver synthesis and degradation, constitutes a proven source of protein nutrition in patients with high protein requirements, and it produces less urea than other protein sources (6,9,11,19-21). Recent reports state that factors such as protein digestion rate may affect amino acid synthesis and protein catabolic rate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports state that factors such as protein digestion rate may affect amino acid synthesis and protein catabolic rate. Some soluble proteins are oxidized rapidly, which makes them less efficient than others (6,11,20,21). Casein is a protein obtained from milk; it has a high biological value and a slow degradation rate, which allows it to be synthesized more efficiently.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Polymeric Diets in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Galindo

Fierro²,

Cano

et al. 2003

Perit Dial Int

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Objective To determine if a diet complemented with calcium caseinate is better than a natural high protein diet for increasing serum albumin levels in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Patients and Methods A 4-month clinical trial involving 100 patients older than 18 years was performed. Patients were randomized into two groups: group A, high protein diet (1.4 g natural protein/kg target weight/day and 35 kcal/kg target weight/day); and group B, calcium caseinate (0.7 g calcium caseinate plus 0.7 g natural protein diet/kg target weight/day and 35 kcal/kg target weight/day). Serum levels of albumin, total proteins (TP), BUN, creatinine, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium, and hematocrit, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and hemoglobin were analyzed at baseline and every 30 days. Results The final mean albumin value was, for group A, 3.04 ± 0.39 g/dL, and for group B, 3.1±2 0.41 g/dL ( p < 0.05); TP for group A, 6.29 ± 0.47 g/dL, and for group B, 6.49 ± 0.51 g/dL ( p < 0.05); leukocytes for group A, 688 ± 8 1282/mm3, for group B, 7288 ± 1878/mm3 ( p = 0.05); BUN for group A, 47 ± 11 mg/dL, for group B, 50 ± 16 mg/dL ( p = 0.05). Regression analysis showed a treatment effect in serum albumin and TP levels from the third month in both groups. In group B, a constant elevation of serum albumin of 0.19 mg/dL and TP of 0.27 mg/dL was observed in every month of treatment with calcium caseinate. In the regression analysis of group A we observed a smaller increase in serum albumin, 0.06 mg/dL, and in TP, 0.11 mg/dL, in each month of treatment with the high protein diet. Both differences are significant ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Calcium caseinate used in CAPD patients suffering from malnutrition increases serum albumin levels.

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“…Serine is normally synthesized in the kidney from glycine, therefore depletion of serine progresses as renal function declines. Serine depletion has been reported in neurological and psychotic syndromes, and, in experimental animals, in vitamin B 6 deficiency (11,12). Tyrosine, too, is largely produced in kidney from phenylalanine.…”

Section: Abnormalities In Amino-acid C O N C E N T R a T I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%