Muscle Protein Synthesis Responses Following Aerobic-Based Exercise or High-Intensity Interval Training with or Without Protein Ingestion: A Systematic Review

Bagheri, Reza; Robinson, Isabelle; Moradi, Sajjad; Purcell, Jessica S.; Schwab, Elita; Silva, Tharindie; Baker, Brooke; Camera, Donny M.

doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01707-x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Consequently, the regulation of MPS (114), and MPB (degradation) (117), have become a central focus for understanding the mechanistic basis of adaptation to resistance exercise training (92,129). However, these processes are also likely to important for the adaptations to aerobic exercise given the robust response in MPS to MICE, HIIE and SIE (179,180), and the proposed role of mitochondrial protein synthesis in exercise training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis (181,182). More details on the regulation of MPS and MPB are described in Sections 2.E and 6.F, respectively.…”

Section: Overview Of Adaptations In Skeletal Muscle To Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training

Egan

Sharples

2023

Physiological Reviews

100

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Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured exercise training is a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs. Specifically in skeletal muscle, remarkable plasticity is demonstrated by the remodeling of muscle structure and function in terms of muscular size, force, endurance, and contractile velocity as a result of the functional demands induced by various types of exercise training. This plasticity, and the mechanistic basis for adaptations to skeletal muscle in response to exercise training, is underpinned by activation and/or repression of molecular pathways and processes induced in response to each individual acute exercise session. These pathways include the transduction of signals arising from neuronal, mechanical, metabolic, and hormonal stimuli through complex signal transduction networks, which are linked to a myriad of effector proteins involved in the regulation of pre- and post-transcriptional processes, and protein translation and degradation processes. This review therefore describes acute exercise-induced signal transduction and the molecular responses to acute exercise in skeletal muscle including emerging concepts such as epigenetic pre- and post-transcriptional regulation, and the regulation of protein translation and degradation. A critical appraisal of methodological approaches and the current state of knowledge informs a series of recommendations offered as future directions in the field.

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Section: Overview Of Adaptations In Skeletal Muscle To Exercise Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training

Egan

Sharples

2023

Physiological Reviews

100

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“…However, there may be a latency in the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial when compared with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates [21,[25][26][27]. Whereas myofibrillar protein synthesis rates are typically highest during acute post-exercise recovery (0-6 h) [28,29], mitochondrial protein synthesis rates appear to peak at ~ 24 h of post-exercise recovery [25,27,30]. Therefore, it could be speculated that post-exercise protein ingestion may prove to be more effective at stimulating mitochondrial protein synthesis rates when assessed over a more prolonged recovery period [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion Increases Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Rates During Overnight Recovery from Endurance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2023

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Background Casein protein ingestion prior to sleep has been shown to increase myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during overnight sleep. It remains to be assessed whether pre-sleep protein ingestion can also increase mitochondrial protein synthesis rates. Though it has been suggested that casein protein may be preferred as a pre-sleep protein source, no study has compared the impact of pre-sleep whey versus casein ingestion on overnight muscle protein synthesis rates. Objective We aimed to assess the impact of casein and whey protein ingestion prior to sleep on mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from a bout of endurance-type exercise. Methods Thirty-six healthy young men performed a single bout of endurance-type exercise in the evening (19:45 h). Thirty minutes prior to sleep (23:30 h), participants ingested 45 g of casein protein, 45 g of whey protein, or a non-caloric placebo. Continuous intravenous l-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusions were applied, with blood and muscle tissue samples being collected to assess overnight mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. Results Pooled protein ingestion resulted in greater mitochondrial (0.087 ± 0.020 vs 0.067 ± 0.016%·h−1, p = 0.005) and myofibrillar (0.060 ± 0.014 vs 0.047 ± 0.011%·h−1, p = 0.012) protein synthesis rates when compared with placebo. Casein and whey protein ingestion did not differ in their capacity to stimulate mitochondrial (0.082 ± 0.019 vs 0.092 ± 0.020%·h−1, p = 0.690) and myofibrillar (0.056 ± 0.009 vs 0.064 ± 0.018%·h−1, p = 0.440) protein synthesis rates. Conclusions Protein ingestion prior to sleep increases both mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from exercise. The overnight muscle protein synthetic response to whey and casein protein does not differ. Clinical Trial Registration NTR7251.

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“…Moreover, the capacity for CT to increase aerobic capacity does not appear to be dependent on exercise order within a CT program [ 64 ]. We recently demonstrated in a systematic review of 30 studies that protein ingestion following ET and/or HIIT significantly increases post-exercise MPS responses [ 95 ]. Interestingly, this capacity for exogenous protein intake to augment MPS responses with aerobic training and/or HIIT was mainly confined to mixed and myofibrillar proteins rather than mitochondrial proteins, which would appear counterintuitive based on a classical principle of training specificity [ 96 ].…”

Section: Body Compositional Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 16 weeks of two different high-protein diets with either resistance or concurrent training on body composition, muscular strength and performance, and markers of liver and kidney function in resistance-trained males

Bagheri

Kargarfard

Sadeghi

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Purpose It is unclear whether resistance (RT) and concurrent training (CT; resistance plus endurance training) combined with different protein intakes have differential effects on muscle hypertrophy, strength, and performance. Therefore, we compared the effects of two high-protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g.kg −1. d −1 ) during 16 weeks of either CT or RT alone in resistance-trained males. Methods Forty-eight resistance-trained males (age: 26 ± 6 yr, body mass index: 25.6 ± 2.9 kg.m −2 ) performed 16 weeks (four sessions·w −1 ) of CT or RT with either 1.6 g.kg −1. d −1 protein (CT1; n = 12; RT1; n = 12) or 3.2 g.kg −1. d −1 protein (CT2; n = 12; RT2; n = 12). Training adaptations were assessed pre-, mid-, and post-intervention. Results All measures of performance (endurance, vertical jump, and pull-up), lean mass, muscle strength, and power significantly increased post-intervention in all groups, but peak power gains were greater in RT2 compared with RT1 and CT1 ( p < .05). VO 2max significantly increased in both CT groups ( p < .001). Select biochemical markers of kidney and liver function significantly increased within the RT2 and CT2 groups ( p < .05), however, no between-group differences were apparent ( p > .05). Conclusions With the exception of peak power, intake of 1.6 g.kg −1. d −1 of protein appears sufficient to maximize gains in lean mass, muscle strength, performance, and aerobic capacity during both RT and CT without influencing markers of kidney and liver function, indicating this daily protein amount is effective and safely tolerated in young, healthy adults.

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Muscle Protein Synthesis Responses Following Aerobic-Based Exercise or High-Intensity Interval Training with or Without Protein Ingestion: A Systematic Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 110 publications

Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training

Molecular responses to acute exercise and their relevance for adaptations in skeletal muscle to exercise training

Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion Increases Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Rates During Overnight Recovery from Endurance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of 16 weeks of two different high-protein diets with either resistance or concurrent training on body composition, muscular strength and performance, and markers of liver and kidney function in resistance-trained males

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