Muscle satellite cells adopt divergent fates

Zammit, Peter S.; Golding, Jon P.; Nagata, Yoichi; Hudon, Valérie; Partridge, Terence A.; Beauchamp, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1083/jcb.200312007

Cited by 817 publications

(916 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…We found that increased expression of Pax7 protein coincided with the increased number of SCs in mesterolone-treated chickens when compared to control chickens. Zammit et al (2004) reported that activated SCs maintain high levels of Pax7. The increase in Pax7 protein expression in mesterolone-treated birds is most probably due to enhanced activation and proliferation of SCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mesterolone on Satellite Cell Distribution and Fiber Morphology within Maturing Chicken Pectoralis Muscle

Allouh

Aldirawi

2012

The Anatomical Record

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Mesterolone is a synthetic oral anabolic androgenic steroid used to treat hypogonadism. There are frequent reports of mesterolone abuse in human and equine sports to increase muscle mass and strength. However, limited information is available about how this drug exerts its effects on skeletal muscle. Satellite cells (SCs) are mononuclear myogenic stem cells that contribute to postnatal muscle growth and repair. As SC activation and subsequent differentiation to new myonuclei is a major event during muscle hypertrophy, this study investigated the influence of mesterolone on SC distribution within the pectoralis muscle of chickens. Specifically, this study tested the hypotheses that mesterolone induces avian skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and that mesterolone increases the number of SCs in avian skeletal muscle. Robust immunocytochemical techniques and morphometric analyses were used to calculate the numbers of SCs and myonuclei. Also, DNA concentration and Pax7 protein levels were measured to confirm immunocytochemical findings. Mesterolone significantly increased pectoralis mass and fiber size. All SC indices and number of myonuclei increased significantly by mesterolone administration. In addition, greater DNA concentration and Pax7 protein expression were found in mesterolone-treated birds. This study indicates that mesterolone can induce avian skeletal muscle hypertrophy and that this is correlated with increased number of SCs. We suggest that SCs are key cellular intermediaries for mesterolone-induced muscle hypertrophy. Anat Rec,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mesterolone on Satellite Cell Distribution and Fiber Morphology within Maturing Chicken Pectoralis Muscle

Allouh

Aldirawi

2012

The Anatomical Record

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“…Indeed, numerous studies have pointed to a role for Pax genes in the maintenance of progenitor cells. For example, Pax7 is expressed in skeletal muscle satellite cells, a resident progenitor population that can generate new myoblasts (Seale et al, 2000;Zammit et al, 2004). In Pax7 mutants, satellite muscle cells are formed, but in reduced numbers that fall further over time (Zammit et al, 2004).…”

Section: Control Of Cell Division By Pax2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Pax7 is expressed in skeletal muscle satellite cells, a resident progenitor population that can generate new myoblasts (Seale et al, 2000;Zammit et al, 2004). In Pax7 mutants, satellite muscle cells are formed, but in reduced numbers that fall further over time (Zammit et al, 2004). In addition, forced expression of Pax7 in satellite cells prevents their difference into myoblasts (Olguin and Olwin, 2004).…”

Section: Control Of Cell Division By Pax2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pax2 modulates proliferation during specification of the otic and epibranchial placodes

Freter¹,

Muta²,

O’Neill³

et al. 2012

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: The inner ear and epibranchial ganglia of vertebrates arise from a shared progenitor domain that is induced by FGF signalling, the posterior placodal area (PPA), before being segregated by Wnt signalling. One of the first genes activated in the PPA is the transcription factor Pax2. Loss-of-and gain-of function studies have defined a role for Pax2 in placodal morphogenesis and later inner ear development, but have not addressed the role Pax2 plays during the formation and maintenance of the PPA. Results: To understand the role of Pax2 during the development of the PPA, we used over-expression and repression of Pax2. Both gave rise to a smaller otocyst and repressed the formation of epibranchial placodes. In addition, cell cycle analysis revealed that Pax2 suppression reduced proliferation of the PPA. Key FindingsNeither suppression nor over-expression of Pax2 affects the extent of the precursor region of the inner ear and epibranchial placodes, the PPA. Suppressing and over-expressing Pax2 does affect the differentiation of the inner ear and the epibranchial placodes. Pax2 suppression reduces proliferation of PPA precursors.

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“…Des études ex vivo faites sur des fibres isolées qui étaient en phase de prolifération ont montré qu'un petit nombre des cellules précurseurs myogéniques (mpc) issues de la division des cellules satellites ne s'engagent pas dans la différenciation terminale mais constituent une réserve des cellules progénitrices sans qu'on puisse, dans ces conditions expérimen-tales de manipulation de fibres isolées, les nommer cellules satellites [5]. En culture, on observe également cette propriété d'autorenouvellement, puisqu'une sous-population des mpc constitue les « cellules de réserve » (RC) : ces cellules qui ne sont pas engagées dans le cycle cellulaire et sont indifférenciées peuvent donner naissance à des cellules différenciées et à de nouvelles RC dès lors qu'elles sont réensemencées et activées ; elles expriment plusieurs des caractéristiques des cellules satellites 1 [5]. En conséquence, les cellules satellites, ou une sous-population d'entre elles, sont considérées comme les cellules souches du muscle [3,6,7].…”

Section: Nouvelleunclassified

“…La puissance de cette démarche s'appuie sur la qualité des bases de données des polymorphismes humains comme la dbSNP, la plus prometteuse étant celle en cours d'élaboration par le « 1 000 genomes project » [5]. Sachant que sur les 6 000 maladies génétiques connues seuls 1 600 gènes responsables ont été identifiés, l'émergence de ces nouvelles technologies est porteuse d'un réel espoir pour plus de 75 % des patients atteints de maladies génétiques chez lesquels aucun diagnostic génétique n'est possible à ce jour.…”

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