Muscle size, strength, power, and echo intensity, but not specific tension, are affected by age in physically active adults

Magrini, Mitchel A.; Colquhoun, Ryan J.; Barrera-Curiel, Alejandra; Thiele, Ryan M.; DeFreitas, Jason M.; Smith, Doug B.; Jenkins, Nathaniel D.M.

doi:10.3233/ies-172194

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Rectus femoris muscle was evaluated at 50% between the anterior superior iliac spine and the femoral lateral epicondyle, in a supine position, for muscle thickness and echointensity [38]; at 50% between the anterior superior iliac spine and the superior pole of the patella, in a sitting position, for echo-intensity [54]; at 50% between the anterior superior iliac spine and the superior pole of the patella, in a lying position with knees in 10°, for muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area [55]; at 60% (proximal or distal was not described) between the greater trochanter and the lateral epicondyle of the femur, 3 cm lateral to the midline, in a supine position, for muscle thickness and echo-intensity [56]; at 50% between the greater trochanter and the upper edge of the patella, in a supine position, for muscle thickness [57]; at 50% between the greater trochanter and the lateral condyle of the femur, in a supine position with the knees totally extended, for muscle thickness and echo-intensity [42].…”

Section: Upper Legmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

et al. 2021

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Section: Upper Legmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

et al. 2021

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“…This study's primary and largest meta-analysis examined the relationships between quadriceps muscle echogenicity and knee extension strength. This pooled analysis included 20 studies and 2924 older adults 7,12,17,18,20,22,23,23,27,30,31,35,37,39,43,45,47,[54][55][56] and demonstrated a modest, negative relationship, with relatively narrow confidence intervals (r=-0.36 [95%CI: -0.38, -0.32], p<0.001). Quadriceps strength has demonstrated moderate to strong relationships to functional tasks, 23 with lower quadriceps strength increasing the odds (OR=3 [95%CI, 1.78 to 5.05]) of falls within older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty studies, including 2924 participants, reported or later provided correlations between quadriceps echogenicity and maximal isometric or concentric knee extension force or torque. 7,12,17,18,20,22,23,23,27,30,31,35,37,39,43,45,47,[54][55][56] Meta-analysis determined a moderate (r=-0.36…”

Section: Knee Extension Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 12 studies with 666 elderly participants were included in the meta-analysis determining a moderate (r=-0.34 [95%CI: -0.44 to -0.23], p<0.001) negative correlation between echogenicity and sit-to-stand performance (Figure 5A). 22,23,28,29,38,40,41,43,53,56,60,62 When examining individual muscles (Figure 5B), the combination of all four quadriceps muscles (r=-0.61 [95%CI:…”

Section: Sit-to-standmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults: A systematic review with meta-analyses

Oranchuk,

Bodkin,

Boncella

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundAssessment and quantification of skeletal muscle within the aging population is vital for diagnosis, treatment, and injury/disease prevention. The clinical availability of assessing muscle quality through diagnostic ultrasound presents an opportunity to be utilized as a screening tool for function-limiting diseases. However, relationships between muscle echogenicity and clinical functional assessments require authoritative analysis. Thus, we aimed to 1) synthesize the literature to assess the relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in older (≥60 years) adults, 2) perform pooled analyses of relationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function, and 3) perform sub-analyses to determine between-muscle relationships.MethodsCINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to identify articles relating skeletal muscle echogenicity to physical function in older adults. Meta-analyses with and without sub-analysis for individual muscles were performed utilizing Fisher’s Z transformation for the most common measures of physical function. Fisher’s Z was back-transformed to Pearson’srfor interpretation.ResultsFifty-one articles (N=5095, female=∼2759, male=∼2301, 72.5±5.8 years [one study did not provide sex descriptors]) were extracted for review, with previously unpublished data obtained from the authors of 12 studies. The rectus femoris (n=32) and isometric knee extension strength (n=22) were the most accessed muscle and physical qualities, respectively. The relationship between quadriceps echogenicity and knee extensor strength was moderate (n=2924,r=-0.36 [95%CI: −0.38 to −0.32],p<0.001), with all other meta-analyses (grip strength, walking speed, sit- to-stand, timed up-and-go) resulting in slightly weaker correlations (r=−0.34 to −0.23, allp<0.001). Sub-analyses determined minimal differences in predictive ability between muscle groups, although combining muscles (e.g., rectus femoris+vastus lateralis) often resulted in stronger correlations with maximal strength.ConclusionsWhile correlations were modest, the affordable, portable, and noninvasive ultrasonic assessment of muscle quality was a consistent predictor of physical function in older adults. Minimal between-muscle differences suggest that echogenicity estimates of muscle quality are systemic. Therefore, practitioners may be able to scan a single muscle to assess full-body skeletal muscle quality/composition, while researchers should consider combining multiple muscles to strengthen the model.RegistrationThe original protocol was prospectively registered at the National Institute of Health Research PROSPERO (CRD42020201841).HighlightsRelationships between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function were small to moderate, but highly consistent.Sub-analyses determined minimal between-muscle differences in predictive ability.Ultrasonic echogenicity should be considered part of early detection screens for sarcopenia and other diseases.Combining muscles tended to strengthen the model, although muscle quality appears systemic, allowing for a single scan to represent the total body.

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“…EI and PA have been suggested as surrogate measurements of muscle quality and cellular health, respectively ( Garlini et al 2019 ; Reimers et al 1993 ). Indeed, EI has been shown to be strongly correlated with MRI-based assessments of intramuscular fat ( Young et al 2015 ), is inversely associated and is a significant independent predictor of maximal strength in older adult males ( Cadore et al 2012 ; Watanabe et al 2013 ) and females ( Fukumoto et al 2012 ), and has been shown to increase with age ( Magrini et al 2018 ). Similarly, PA is thought to be associated with cellular health, has been used as a prognostic indicator in various health conditions ( Garlini et al 2019 ) and, accordingly, has been shown to decline with age ( Barbosa-Silva et al 2005 ; Dittmar 2003 ; Norman et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromyographic amplitude versus torque relationships are different in young versus postmenopausal females and are related to muscle mass after controlling for bodyweight

Banks

Rogers

2020

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose: To examine differences in the electromyographic vs torque (EMG-T) relationship, as well as muscle strength and indicators of muscle mass and quality between young versus postmenopausal females, and explore whether the potential differences in the EMG-T relationships could be explained by differences in muscle mass. Methods: Thirty young (age = 20.7 ± 2.8 y) and 30 postmenopausal (age = 56.3 ± 4.7 y) females completed maximal isometric strength testing (MVIT) and isometric ramp contractions at 40% and 70% MVIT, during which electromyographic signals were collected to quantify the slopes (Slope 40 ; Slope 70 ) and intercepts (Intercept 40 ; Intercept 70 ) of the EMG-T relationships. Muscle mass and quality measurements were also completed. Results: Postmenopausal females exhibited lower skeletal muscle mass (−2.3 ± 1.5 kg), fat free mass index (−1.1 ± 0.7 kg·m −2 ), MVIT (−17.1 ± 16.3 Nm), phase angle (−0.5 ± 0.0°), muscle cross sectional area (−5.5 ± 1.1 cm 2 ), muscle quality (−0.1±0.0 a.u), Slope 40 (−0.0003 ± 0.0002 mV·%MVIT −1 ), Slope 70 (−0.0003 ± 0.0002 mV·%MVIT −1 ), and had a higher echo intensity (+9.8 ± 2.8 a.u), Intercept 40 (+0.001 ± 0.001 mV), and Intercept 70 (+0.004 ± 0.003 mV) (p ≤ 0.001 – 0.04) than the young females. The EMG-T relationship variables were correlated with both muscle mass and quality after controlling for bodyweight. When controlling for muscle mass and bodyweight, group differences in the slopes of the EMG-T relationship and muscle strength were eliminated. Conclusion: Muscle mass and quality are primary contributors to the decrements in neuromuscular function observed in postmenopausal versus young females, and the preservation of muscle mass should be prioritized in the years leading up to, during, and immediately after menopause.

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Muscle size, strength, power, and echo intensity, but not specific tension, are affected by age in physically active adults

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

Exploring the associations between skeletal muscle echogenicity and physical function in aging adults: A systematic review with meta-analyses

Electromyographic amplitude versus torque relationships are different in young versus postmenopausal females and are related to muscle mass after controlling for bodyweight

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