Muscone ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy through activating AKT/mTOR signalling pathway

Abstract

Objectives Emerging evidence showed that muscone could improve chronic inflammation after myocardial infarction and protect alcohol‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the function of muscone on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is obscure. Methods The neuronal Schwann cell RSC 96 cells were treated with 125 mmol/l glucose to simulate the cells in DPN. The RSC 96 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit‐8. The RSC 96 cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of marker proteins of apoptosis, autophagy and AKT/mTOR signalling pathway was assessed by Western blot. Key findings We observed that after high glucose (HG) treatment, the number of cell apoptosis was increased, cell proliferation was decreased, as well as the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins and autophagy‐related proteins were changed. However, this phenomenon can be reversed by muscone. Meanwhile, the expression of phosphorylated AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was down‐regulated with HG treatment, while the expression quantity was up‐regulated after disposed with muscone. Conclusions Our outcomes demonstrated that autophagy and apoptosis of RSC 96 cells induced by HG can be alleviated by muscone through modulating AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, suggesting that muscone might be a potential molecule with influence in connection to DPN.

Network pharmacological analysis of active components of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage

“…Furthermore, muscone treatment could alleviate memory dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice, reduce Aβ levels, and enhance synaptic plasticity (42). Musk ketone molecules are responsible for the main physiological activity of musk, which can not only resist dementia and fight against cerebral ischemia, but also has low cytotoxicity and a variety of potential health benefits, such as anti-tumor effects, beneficial effects on ischemic heart disease, and the inhibition of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (38,43,44). These effects will help promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis, reduce apoptosis and inflammation, and maintain cell viability, among others.…”

Musk (Moschus moschiferus) Attenuates Changes in Main Olfactory Bulb of Depressed Mice: Behavioral, Biochemical, and Histopathological Evidence

“…Wei et al (2012) and Zhang et al (2020) reported that muscone can inhibit apoptosis via inhibiting expression of caspase 8 and Fas in the cortex and stimulate neural stem cells proliferation transforming them into neurons in ischemia/reperfusion rats. Muscone has also been suggested to mitigate hyperglycemia-induced Schwann cell autophagy and apoptosis partially by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (Dong et al, 2019).…”

Zoology, chemical composition, pharmacology, quality control and future perspective of Musk (Moschus): a review

“…Meanwhile, musk also inhibited the activity of hydatid cyst [ 113 ]. Dong et al demonstrated that muscone (0.1, 1, 10, 50 mol/L) could reduce high glucose-induced autophagy and apoptosis in RSC 96 cells, and its mechanism was to activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [ 26 ].…”