Muscovite surface structure imaged by fluid contact mode AFM

Kuwahara, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1007/s002690050177

Cited by 87 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The second category has been proposed to arise from the detection of the K + ions in the hexagonal cavities [49], although as Kuwahara pointed out, this is unlikely due to the ion exchange that often occurs upon immersion in aqueous solution (see below). Kuwahara found that the observation of one or the other of these cases appeared to depend on the direction of the cantilever long axis relative to the fastscan direction [47]. Hence, a simpler interpretation is that with a change in the frictional force signal as the scan axis varies, the image changes from one depicting a hexagon of six basal plane oxygens surrounding a ditrigonal cavity, to one showing hexagonal arrays of three basal plane oxygens, where each triplet of oxygens appears as a bright spot [47] (Figure 3c).…”

Section: The Surface Structure Of Cleaved Mica and The Exchange Of Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kuwahara found that the observation of one or the other of these cases appeared to depend on the direction of the cantilever long axis relative to the fastscan direction [47]. Hence, a simpler interpretation is that with a change in the frictional force signal as the scan axis varies, the image changes from one depicting a hexagon of six basal plane oxygens surrounding a ditrigonal cavity, to one showing hexagonal arrays of three basal plane oxygens, where each triplet of oxygens appears as a bright spot [47] (Figure 3c). Note, however, that a transition from one image type to the other may also occur without a change of scan direction [34].…”

Section: The Surface Structure Of Cleaved Mica and The Exchange Of Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

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The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

Christenson

Thomson

2016

Surface Science Reports

115

102

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The accepted image of muscovite mica is that of an inert and atomically smooth surface, easily prepared by cleavage in an ambient atmosphere. Consequently, mica is extensively used a model substrate in many fundamental studies of surface phenomena and as a substrate for AFM imaging of biomolecules. In this review we present evidence from the literature that the above picture is not quite correct. The mica used in experimental work is almost invariably cleaved in laboratory air, where a reaction between the mica surface, atmospheric CO2 and water occurs immediately after cleavage. The evidence suggests very strongly that as a result the mica surface becomes covered by up to one formula unit of K2CO3 per nm 2 , which is mobile under humid conditions, and crystallizes under drier conditions. The properties of mica in air or water vapour cannot be fully understood without reference to the surface K2CO3, and many studies of the structure of adsorbed water on mica surfaces may need to be revisited. With this new insight, however, the air-cleaved mica should provide exciting opportunities to study phenomena such as two-dimensional ion diffusion, electrolyte effects on surface conductivity, and two-dimensional crystal nucleation.

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Section: The Surface Structure Of Cleaved Mica and The Exchange Of Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Surface Structure Of Cleaved Mica and The Exchange Of Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

Christenson

Thomson

2016

Surface Science Reports

115

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many studies (Pieranski & Jérôme 1989;Jérôme & Shen 1993;Artsyukhovich et al 1999; Kitaev & Kumacheva 2000) have shown that cyanobiphenyls are anchored at 308 from the g-optical axis of mica anticlockwise and clockwise alternatively for adjacent layers of mica. A separate AFM study indicated that mica is grooved at the angle of 308 from the g-optical axis (Kuwahara 1999) and that molecules are expected to sit along the groove. After 6CB was confined to the thickness of 1 nm, the Raman intensity of its biphenyl ring was obtained at different angles of the linear laser polarization.…”

Section: (B ) Orientation Of a Confined Nematic Liquid Crystalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using light to study boundary lubrication: spectroscopic study of confined fluids

Bae

Wong

Kim

et al. 2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Several instrumental developments to examine the spectroscopic response of molecularly thin fluids confined between mica sheets are described. They are predicated on using a redesigned surface forces apparatus where dielectric coatings, transparent to light at needed optical wavelengths, retain the ability to measure interferometric thickness at other optical wavelengths. Examples of recent measurements are presented using confocal laser Raman spectroscopy to evaluate how molecules orient as well as to perform chemical imaging. Other examples are presented using confocal fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to evaluate translational diffusion of confined polymer melts. The advantage of separating the mechanical average (force and friction) from direct information about structure and mobility at the molecular level is stressed.

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“…This leads to a tilt of the Al/Si oxide tetrahedra and to the formation of grooves along a 1 1 0 direction of the surface in case of the most common 2M 1 polytype. They have been observed experimentally by atomic force microscopy [74]. These grooves alternate by an angle of 120°between consecutive cleavage layers together with the oriented electric fields of the surface, leading to grooves along the two 1 1 0 directions, not along the optical axis [1 0 0].…”

Section: Fig 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important role of the grooves and the corresponding electrical fields becomes ob-vious, if a mica substrate without these features is used: On phlogopite, a trioctahedral mica without pronounced grooves [73,74], a single growth direction is no longer preferred, and though needles, namely p6P nanofibers grow along all the three epitaxially favoured high symmetry directions simultaneously [10,63]. Epitaxy leads to formation of fibers along the high symmetry directions.…”

Section: Fig 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Molecular Nanotechnology

Schiek

Balzer

Al‐Shamery

et al. 2008

Small

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Zur Homepage der Dissertation AbstractFormation of needle-like crystals from inorganic as well as from organic semiconductors such as para-phenylenes, α-thiophenes and phenyl-thiophene co-oligomers on dielectric surfaces has attracted increasing interest within the last years. The para-hexaphenylene has proven to be a versatile building block for generating long, parallely aligned organic nanofibers by a self-assembly process on a muscovite mica substrate via sublimation in high vacuum. These nanofibers possess outstanding optical properties like strong, polarised blue fluorescence in high quantum yields after unpolarised excitation with UV light, waveguiding and lasing features. Furthermore, they are chemically and thermically stable and can be easily detached from the growth substrate to serve as key elements in next generation optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. Owing to their typical height and width on a nanometer scale and length up to one millimeter, the fibers bridge the gap between microscopic and macroscopic dimensions. The morphology of the nanofibers (length, height, width, aspect ratio, bending into rings) is susceptable to process parameters and pretreatment of the substrate. But chemically functionalisation of the molecular building block as key step of this thesis widens the scope of possibilities: Nanoaggregates with tailored morphology and optical properties are generated from designed functionalised molecular building blocks. Functional groups have been implemented at the 1,4´´´-para-positions of p-quaterphenylenes using a non-trivial Suzuki cross-coupling strategy. Symmetrically as well as non-symmetrically functionalised oligomers have been achieved in excellent yields and high purity. Additionally, the synthesis of phenyl-thiophene cooligomers and their acceptability for the nanofiber growth on muscovite mica via organic molecule deposition in high vacuum are presented. The fluorescence peak emission frequency of the nanostructures from the substituted p-quaterphenylenes shifts within the blue depending on the functionalisation. While dimensions are still influenced by the growth parameters, the overall shape (i.e. cross-section) of the aggregates alters significantly with the functional group. Even new properties like nonlinear optical activity are accessible. Due to intrinsic nonzero hyperpolarisability of push-pull functionalised oligomers, the respective nanofibers act as frequency doublers and emit strong second harmonic light after excitation with near infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Note that this design approach is possible while conserving the concept of highly crystalline nanofibers. Thus, a new route of bottom-up nanotechnology is presented starting from organic molecular synthesis towards generating of tailormade organic nanofibers opening new prospects for future nanotechnology. 3 ZusammenfassungDie Bildung von nadelförmigen Kristallen aus anorganischen und organischen Halbleitermolekülen wie zum Beispiel para-Phenylenen, α-Thiophenen und Phenylthiophen Co-oligomeren fa...

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Muscovite surface structure imaged by fluid contact mode AFM

Cited by 87 publications

References 14 publications

The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

Using light to study boundary lubrication: spectroscopic study of confined fluids

Organic Molecular Nanotechnology

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