Muscular activity pattern during sprint running

Abstract

The muscular activity pattern, function and maximal contraction velocity during the starting dash and sprint running at maximal velocity were studied, The subjects were five adult male sprinters, whose sprint running moyements in the sagittal plain were analyzecl (100 fps) from videotape recordings made with a high-speed camera, The ground reaction forces and EMGs of eight leg muscles were also recorded, Changes in length from the origin to the insenion (muscle-tendon complex: MTC) of the eight leg muscles were calculated using several methods reported by Grieve et al,

The Relationship between 30-m Sprint Running Time and Muscle Cross-sectional Areas of the Psoas Major and Lower Limb Muscles in Male College Short and Middle Distance Runners

“…During acceleration of sprint running, the hip extension torque is exerted from the late-swing to early-stance phase, i.e., around foot contact (Baba et al, 2000;Johnson and Buckley, 2001), and the hip ‰exion angle at the foot contact is ¿809at the second step of 40-m sprint running (Jacobs and van Ingen Schenau, 1992) and ¿409even at the 60-m point of sprint running (Ito et al, 1997). On the other hand, the adductor magnus muscle acts as a hip extensor through the whole range of hip joint motion and the adductor brevis and the adductor longus muscles also act as hip extensors when the hip joint is ‰exed more than 259and 509 , respectively (Dostal et al, 1986).…”

“…Considering from the previous reports, it is hypothesized that, among the lower limb muscles, muscularity of the hamstrings, the quadriceps femoris, and the triceps surae muscles is important as they are agonist muscles in hip extension, knee extension and plantar ‰exion, respectively. The hip extension torque exerted through the mid-swing phase to early-stance phase in an acceleration of sprint running is accompanied by the electromyographic activity of the biceps femoris muscle (Baba et al, 2000). In addition, it has been reported that a great part of hip extension work done in push-oŠ phase of sprint acceleration was accounted by the hamstrings (e.g., Jacobs et al, 1996).…”

Mechanical properties of muscle and tendon at high strain rate in sprinters

“…According to the previous findings (Baba et al., 2000; Struzik et al., 2015), the maximal angular velocity of ankle dorsiflexion during sprinting and jumping was around 500–600 deg·s −1 . Moreover, we previously reported that the active muscle stiffness measured at a low angular velocity (peak angular velocity was 250 deg·s −1 ) in long‐distance runners was significantly greater than that in untrained men (Kubo et al., 2015).…”

“…The present results on active muscle stiffness at 200 and 300 deg·s −1 agree with our previous finding. Active muscle stiffness reported by Kubo et al (Kubo, Miyazaki, et al., 2017) represented an intrinsic muscle property without any potential neural effects, since the analyzed period (60‐ms from the onset of stretch) was selected to avoid modifying by the stretch reflex (Allum & Mauritz, 1984; Baba et al., 2000; Kubo, 2014). In this study (Kubo, Miyazaki, et al., 2017), we speculated that active muscle stiffness modified by the stretch reflex in sprinters would be greater than that in untrained men.…”

“…In this study, we were not able to investigate active muscle stiffness at more than 250 deg·s −1 , since the maximal angular velocity under active conditions (i.e., during contraction) was 250 deg·s −1 due to the limitation of the torque motor of the dynamometer used in our previous studies (Kubo, 2014; Kubo, Ishigaki, et al., 2017; Kubo, Miyazaki, et al., 2017; Kubo et al., 2015). Moreover, it is known that the maximal angular velocity of ankle dorsiflexion during sprinting and jumping is around 500–600 deg·s −1 (Baba, Wada, & Ito, 2000; Struzik et al., 2015). Recent progress in technology has made it possible to improve the performance of the torque motor of the dynamometer, allowing us to develop a specially designed motor‐driven dynamometer, with which a higher angular velocity of more than 250 deg·s −1 can be achieved.…”