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The possibility of improving cognitive functions by cryostimulation gathers increasingly more interest as the general public becomes more health-oriented and populations of many countries are aging. While there is plenty of research on the beneficial effects of cryostimulation on physical health, disproportionately less is known about its impact on mental wellbeing and cognition. This review summarizes the outcomes of currently available, up-to-date studies on this topic, to inspire future research focused on solidifying guidelines and limitations of cryostimulation use for improving cognitive performance. The topical research yielded promising results, giving hope for improving the functioning of the central nervous system with cold exposure, both in healthy individuals and in persons with cognitive impairment. However, evidence is still very limited and unequivocal, indicating that not all cryostimulation conditions can produce such a beneficial effect and that different numbers of sessions may be necessary depending on the recipient’s sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities. While the mechanism of cryostimulation-induced cognitive improvement is unknown, proposed theories rely on changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations, parasympathetic tone, or cerebral oxygenation. Cryostimulation potentializes the beneficial cognitive effects of physical and mental training, enhancing therapeutic progress in persons suffering from cognitive impairment, as well as improving the athletic performance of physically active healthy individuals.
The possibility of improving cognitive functions by cryostimulation gathers increasingly more interest as the general public becomes more health-oriented and populations of many countries are aging. While there is plenty of research on the beneficial effects of cryostimulation on physical health, disproportionately less is known about its impact on mental wellbeing and cognition. This review summarizes the outcomes of currently available, up-to-date studies on this topic, to inspire future research focused on solidifying guidelines and limitations of cryostimulation use for improving cognitive performance. The topical research yielded promising results, giving hope for improving the functioning of the central nervous system with cold exposure, both in healthy individuals and in persons with cognitive impairment. However, evidence is still very limited and unequivocal, indicating that not all cryostimulation conditions can produce such a beneficial effect and that different numbers of sessions may be necessary depending on the recipient’s sex, lifestyle, and comorbidities. While the mechanism of cryostimulation-induced cognitive improvement is unknown, proposed theories rely on changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations, parasympathetic tone, or cerebral oxygenation. Cryostimulation potentializes the beneficial cognitive effects of physical and mental training, enhancing therapeutic progress in persons suffering from cognitive impairment, as well as improving the athletic performance of physically active healthy individuals.
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