Muscular imbalance and shoulder pain in volleyball attackers.

Kugler, Andreas; Krüger-Franke, Michael; Reininger, S.; Trouillier, Hans; Rosemeyer, B.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.30.3.256

Cited by 107 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…18 Weakness or imbalance in rotator cuff muscle strength causes excessive stress on the passive stabilizers of the shoulder joint and may lead to changes in shoulder motion. 6 The strength balance between the external-and internalrotator muscles (ER : IR ratio) typically ranges from 66% to 75% in asymptomatic individuals. 5,19,20 However, abnormal ER : IR strength ratios can be observed in overhead athletes, as external-rotator strength tends to decrease and IR strength tends to increase in the dominant shoulder with repetitive overhead activities.…”

Section: à11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers

Harput

Guney

Toprak

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Objective: To investigate shoulder-rotator strength, internalrotation (IR) and external-rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM), and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers to determine if they have risk factors for injury.Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Thirty-nine adolescent high school-aged volleyball attackers (22 boys, 17 girls; age ¼ 16.0 6 1.4 years, height ¼ 179.2 6 9.0 cm, mass ¼ 67.1 6 10.9 kg, body mass index ¼ 20.7 6 2.6 kg/m 2 ). Main Outcome Measure(s): Shoulder IR and ER ROM, total-rotation ROM, glenohumeral IR deficit, AHD, and concentric and eccentric strength of the shoulder internal and external rotators were tested bilaterally.Results: External-rotation ROM was greater (t 38 ¼ 4.92, P , .001), but IR ROM (t 38 ¼ À8.61, P , .001) and total ROM (t 38 ¼ À3.55, P ¼ .01) were less in the dominant shoulder, and 15 athletes had a glenohumeral IR deficit (IR ROM loss . 188). We observed greater concentric internal-rotator (t 38 ¼ 2.89, P ¼ .006) and eccentric external-rotator (t 38 ¼ 2.65, P ¼ .01) strength in the dominant than in the nondominant shoulder. The AHD was less in the dominant shoulder (t 38 ¼ À3.60, P , .001).Conclusions: Adolescent volleyball attackers demonstrated decreased IR ROM, total ROM, and AHD and increased ER ROM in their dominant shoulder. Therefore, routine screening of adolescent athletes and designing training programs for hazardous adaptive changes could be important in preventing shoulder injuries.Key Words: ultrasonography, sports, glenohumeral joint, muscle strength Key PointsAsymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers demonstrated less internal-rotation range of motion (ROM), total ROM, and acromiohumeral distance and more external-rotation ROM in the dominant than in the nondominant shoulder, which might put them at risk for shoulder injuries. Routinely screening adolescent athletes and designing training programs to address hazardous adaptive changes could help prevent shoulder injuries.

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Section: à11mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers

Harput

Guney

Toprak

et al. 2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…There is evidence of reduced internal rotation range in athletes with a history of shoulder injury and volleyball players. 5,7 More recently, a study of baseball players reported reduced internal rotation range in the player's dominant shoulder compared with their nondominant, and this deficit was greater in those with a history of injury. 8 In light of these known differences, upper arm axial rotation should be recorded as a potential covariate when analyzing upper arm axial rotation during spike kinematics.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The spike requires the athlete to move the upper arm through a large range of upper arm motion while airborne, which is believed to place the shoulder under significant load. 2,5,6 Anecdotally, spiking has been linked with the high number of overuse shoulder injuries with one study reporting 80% of all shoulder injuries could be linked to spiking. 3 Given that players have been reported to spike around 40,000 times per year, only small technique deficiencies may be associated with injury.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…3 Given that players have been reported to spike around 40,000 times per year, only small technique deficiencies may be associated with injury. 5 Static shoulder range of motion (ROM) has also been linked with overuse shoulder injuries in the overhead athlete, although the extent to which this influences injury risk among volleyball players has been questioned. 1 It can be easily assessed and is therefore targeted clinically for intervention and management.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Upper Arm Kinematics During a Volleyball Spike Between Players With and Without a History of Shoulder Injury

Mitchinson¹,

Campbell²,

Oldmeadow³

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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Volleyball players are at high risk of overuse shoulder injuries, with spike biomechanics a perceived risk factor. This study compared spike kinematics between elite male volleyball players with and without a history of shoulder injuries. Height, mass, maximum jump height, passive shoulder rotation range of motion (ROM), and active trunk ROM were collected on elite players with (13) and without (11) shoulder injury history and were compared using independent samples t tests (P < .05). The average of spike kinematics at impact and range 0.1 s before and after impact during down-the-line and cross-court spike types were compared using linear mixed models in SPSS (P < .01). No differences were detected between the injured and uninjured groups. Thoracic rotation and shoulder abduction at impact and range of shoulder rotation velocity differed between spike types. The ability to tolerate the differing demands of the spike types could be used as return-to-play criteria for injured athletes.

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“…However, maintenance of imbalanced strength and muscle tone between the upper limbs has been reportedly correlated to glenohumeral joint disorders (14,22). Therefore, appropriate strength training is important to ameliorate strength differences between opposing limbs.…”

Section: Measurement Of Muscle Strength and Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Muscle Power Between the Dominant and Nondominant Upper Limbs of Baseball Players

Noguchi

Demura

Takahashi

et al. 2014

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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We examined differences in muscle power between the dominant and non-dominant upper limbs of 33 healthy right-handed university baseball players (mean age, 20.4 ± 1.1 years) with an average baseball experience >11 years. After measuring maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of hand grip, elbow flexion, and shoulder internal rotation in both upper limbs, the muscle power of each joint was measured at 40%, 50%, and 60% MVC. No significant differences were observed in the main factors affecting MVC and elbow flexion power loads between dominant and non-dominant upper limbs. For hand grip power, load factors at 40% MVC in the dominant hand were lower than those at 60% MVC in the same hand and those at 50% and 60% MVC in the non-dominant hand. Significant differences were observed in shoulder internal rotation power between dominant and non-dominant upper limbs, with the dominant limb having greater power at all loads. Correlations between muscle power of both upper limbs for hand grip and elbow flexion were significant and moderately high at all loads. For shoulder internal rotation power, the degree of correlation was significant and moderately high at 40% MVC but low to moderate at 50% and 60% MVC. Baseball players therefore have marked lateral dominance in shoulder internal rotation power unlike hand grip and elbow flexion power, although the relationship between shoulder internal rotation muscle powers of both upper limbs becomes lower with increasing load. The dominance of muscle power of each joint varied even in the same upper limb. It is thus beneficial for baseball players to train with even loads on both arms or adopt simultaneous workout of both arms after adjusting for strength differences.

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Muscular imbalance and shoulder pain in volleyball attackers.

Cited by 107 publications

References 12 publications

Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers

Shoulder-Rotator Strength, Range of Motion, and Acromiohumeral Distance in Asymptomatic Adolescent Volleyball Attackers

Comparison of Upper Arm Kinematics During a Volleyball Spike Between Players With and Without a History of Shoulder Injury

Differences in Muscle Power Between the Dominant and Nondominant Upper Limbs of Baseball Players

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